khait landslide damage cost

Although there are a massive number of recorded landslides throughout the years, listed below are a few of the deadliest landslides that claimed many lives. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Site. Huaraz Debris Flows, Ancash, Peru, December 1941 (5,000 deaths) 62 Nevado Huascaran Debris Fall, Ranrahirca, Peru, January 1962 (4,500 deaths) Khait Landslide, Tajikstan, July 1949 (4,000 deaths)) Diexi Slides, Sichuan, China, August 1933 (3,000+ deaths) The damages can be significantly reduced, however, through the combined action of technical experts, government, and the public. In December of 1941, the residents of Huaraz, a Peruvian city in the Ancash region, were completely unaware that a retreating glacier tongue above their city would soon be responsible for wreaking havoc its people and claim thousands of the lives living within. Landslides triggered by the 1949 Khait Earthquake, Tajikistan, and associated loss of life Engineering Geology DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.08.007, Evans, S., Bishop, N., Fidel Smoll, L., Valderrama Murillo, P., Delaney, K., & Oliver-Smith, A. Access to full-text content in BioOne Complete from this IP address has been suspended. Ground Shaking & Structural Failure A re-examination of the mechanism and human impact of catastrophic mass flows originating on Nevado Huascarn, Cordillera Blanca, Peru in 1962 and 1970 Engineering Geology, 108 (1-2), 96-118 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.06.020, Posted in: A house damaged in the 2004 San Simeon earthquake. [2], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}391044N 705208E / 39.17889N 70.86889E / 39.17889; 70.86889. [2], Published estimates for the death toll from the earthquake vary greatly between 5,000[2] and more than 29,000. Impact Forecasting LLC 200 East Randolph Street Chicago, IL 60601 t: 1.312.381.5919 f: 1.312.381.0181 www.aonbenfield.com Event Recap Report: 11210 Haiti Earthquake Impact Copyright 2023. Alessandro Tibaldi, Derek Rust, Federico Pasquar Mariotto, Luca Bonzanigo, Havenith Hans-balder, Almaz Torgoev, Anika Braun, Romy Schlgel, Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina, IOP Conf. "Beginning from 2011, UNDP has been implementing Tajik-Afghan Poverty Reduction Initiative (TAPRI), financed by the Government of Japan and aimed at addressing cross-border issues in the south of Tajikistan and the north of Afghanistan. Mount Huascarn is a famous Peruvian mountain with a snowcapped peak that rises to a height of 22,205 feet. Steve and his colleagues have also just published a similar paper (Evans et al. The average cost of a water damage or freezing claim is $11,098. The flow broadened as it reached the main Obi-Kabud River valley, sweeping through part of Khait, crossing the river, before climbing a 25 m high terrace on the river's western bank and continuing a further 700 m, overwhelming the village of Khisorak. Nearly 22,000 people perished in this natural disaster. Casting Landslide requires an unobstructed enemy target. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Climate and climate change controls precipitation and snowmelt (frequency, intensity and magnitude, seasonality, cyclonality and the respective changes), and are the most important external drivers for landslides and flooding. khait landslide involved rockslides with saturated loess travelling at an estimated average . New Cumberland, PA 17070 All rights reserved. Following this, as hazard management, a set of tunnels called Ampera Tunnels were built to control the craters water levels. There has also been a notable increase in landslide . Climate and climate change. When newly built in 1963, the Vajont Dam in Italy was the tallest in the world but building the dam proved fatal as it activated strong seismic activity. [1], The earthquake occurred at 09:45 local time on 10 July 1949. Landslides cause property damage, injury, and death and adversely affect a variety of resources. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Of the 8 th International Conf. The Huaraz landslide caused a massive overflow that ran out of the lake to flood Huaraz city, this not only caused heavy damage and loss of as many as 5,000 lives while also roughly eliminating one-third of the town but the waters and debris continued to wreak havoc as traveled to the Santa River and across Peru into the Pacific Ocean. The final volume of the landslide is estimated to be about 75 MCM. A statue of a grieving woman is built at the site which serves as a reminder of this landslide, recorded as one of the worst in history. Fire in 1906 San Francisco and 1923 Great Kanto caused significant losses, but since then, important losses have also occurred in many earthquakes. (2009 in press). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Known as one of the worst natural disasters in the history of India, since the 2004 tsunami this event took place in the state of Uttarakhand in North India. [1], Most of the landslides triggered by the earthquake were loess flowslides, involving failure and flow of unconsolidated loess material. For the Khait landslide itself they conclude that about 800 fatalities is probably a reasonable estimate - note that this very considerably less than earlier estimates. A more recent study, based on the size of affected settlements and the likely population density, gave an estimate of 7,200 of which about 800 were caused by the Khait landslide and 4,000 by the Yasman valley flowslide. Can be cast while in mid-air. Landslides occur in a variety of environments, characterized by either steep or . The weather can contribute to landslides and can be a terrible and ferocious disaster which cannot be tamed. American Geosciences Institute. """"", Bulletin of Engineering Geology and The Environment. Reports suggest a loss of about 10% of the Vargas population. Khait Landslide, Tajikstan, July 1949 (4,000 deaths)) . News of the landslide was not publicly revealed by the government and details of the disaster were not revealed until after the fall of the Soviet Union. this article in Mountain Research and Development, The Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience Blog, The Bridge: Connecting Science and Policy, Joshimath: new satellite imagery and ongoing issues with the movement of the landslide, Kandersteg: a massive rock slope failure in Switzerland caught on video, The 22 February 2023 landslide at a coal mine at Alxa League, China, Vila Sahy, So Paulo: extreme rainfall in Brazil has triggered multiple fatal landslides, Manutuke: a near miss landslide from Cyclone Gabrielle in New Zealand, The Canterbury Earthquake: Images of the distorted railway line, Killing off the Canary Islands landslide megatsunami scare, Liquefaction from the Sendai earthquake - a remarkable video, Rattlesnake Ridge: a large failure forming in Washington State, USA, Bento Rodrigues: a disastrous tailings dam failure in Brazil, The 8 February 2023 rockfall in Steyr, Austria, Rosas in Cauca, Colombia: a truly extraordinary landslide, Landslides in North Island of New Zealand from Cyclone Gabrielle. In July 1949, the M7.4 Khait earthquake triggered hundreds of landslides in a mountainous region near the southern limit of the Tien Shan, central Tajikistan. A re-examination of the mechanism and human impact of catastrophic mass flows originating on Nevado Huascarn, Cordillera Blanca, Peru in 1962 and 1970, On the loss of life in landslides during the 1949 Khait earthquake. Such simple measures could save lives and empower local communities to take some ownership of their level of landslide risk. In a landslide, masses of rock, earth or debris move down a slope. (2009). Landslide damages are one of the most costly natural disasters in the United States. One such natural catastrophe occurred in July of 1949, when the 7.4 magnitude Khait Earthquake triggered hundreds of landslides near the southern limits of the Tien Shan ranges in central Tajikistan. 5, pp. Landslide, Mudslide, Mudflow & Insurance Coverage Earthquake coverage is generally available as a supplemental coverage to your standard homeowners, renters or business policy. Costs are for different periods and are unadjusted for inflation; therefore, strict comparisons of data from different years should be avoided. The landslide became more mobile once it began to entrain loess material and reached the Obi-Kabud River where it traversed the floodplain and surmounted a 25 m high river terrace on the river's west bank. 4 What happens to the Earth during a landslide? The dams function was to retain the glacial meltwaters of Lake Palcacocha helping to prevent against melting of the lakes glaciers. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1949_Khait_earthquake&oldid=1119783370, Articles containing Russian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 November 2022, at 11:24. Earthquake destruction begins with the earth's violent shaking that can rupture the earth, trigger landslides and turn the surface of the earth to liquid. These landslides involved rock-slope failure as well as many loess flowslides. The Huascarn earthquake set the ticking time bomb for a number of seismic events that plunged the village into ruins. A dormant stratovolcano suddenly erupted destroying many towns and villages. Those past landslides reshape the slope, making it. The 2005 NiasSimeulue earthquake occurred on 28 March off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Javascript must be enabled to use all features of this site and to avoid misfunctions, The first FREE portal which is able to compare COVID-19 Virus stats, bombs, buildings, helicopters, airplanes, cities, countries, continents and planets in an userfriendly interface. The areas worst affected were Manila . You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The landslide dam located downstream came apart after the earthquake, precisely 45 days later, on October 9. The air bomb and the tidal wave took as many as 2,500 lives, wiping out the citys population plus also forcing the destruction of many more nearby towns and villages although the dam was pretty intact retaining two-thirds of the water after this misfortune. The lahars soon engulfed the town of Armero, killing thousands there, while casualties were also reported in such other towns as Chinchin. Steele landslides, Yukon, Glacial advances constrained by 10Be exposure dating of bedrock landslides, Kyrgyz Tien Shan, Earthquakes, Landslides, Dams and Reservoirs in the Tien Shan, Central Asia, The 6 August 2010 Mount Meager rock slide-debris flow, Coast Mountains, British Columbia: characteristics, dynamics, and implications for hazard and risk assessment, The sedimentology and geomorphology of rock avalanche deposits on glaciers, Influence of runout-path material on emplacement of the Round Top rock avalanche, New Zealand, Late Holocene catastrophic slope collapse affected by deep-seated gravitational deformation in flysch: Ropice Mountain, Czech Republic, A new classification of earthquake-induced landslide event sizes based on seismotectonic, topographic, climatic and geologic factors, Temporal behavior of deep-seated gravitational slope deformations: A review, 2nd INQUA-IGCP 567 International Workshop on Active Tectonics, Earthquake Geology, Archaeology and Engineering, Large landslides associated with a diapiric fold in Canelles Reservoir (Spanish Pyrenees): Detailed geological-geomorphological mapping, trenching and electrical resistivity imaging, Morphologic description of the Punta cola rock avalanche and associated minor rockslides caused by the 21 April 2007 Aysn earthquake (Patagonia, southern Chile), Extremely large rockslides and rock avalanches in the Tien Shan Mountains, Kyrgyzstan, Landslides from Massive Rock Slope Failure, Investigating Rock-Slope Failures in the Tien Shan: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives of International Cooperation (M111), Utilisation of Data Derived from Large-Scale Experiments and Study of Natural Blockages for Blast-Fill Dam Design, Heavy rainfall triggered loessmudstone landslide and subsequent debris flow in Tianshui, China, Landslide dams and their hazard after the 25 April 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in Central Nepal, A study on socio economic effects of landslides in Iran, Investigating the effect of earthquakes on open pit mine slopes, A Review of the Advantages and Limitations of Geophysical Investigations in Landslide Studies, Invited review A unified landslide classification system for loess slopes: A critical review-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0, Possibility of landslide damming in the Vakhsh River catchment and its effect on the hydraulic schemes and population Possibility of landslide damming in the Vakhsh River catchment and its effect on the hydraulic schemes and population, Past to present deformation of the central-eastern Southern Alps: from the foreland to the Giudicarie belt, Usoy Natural Dam: Problem of Security (Lake Sarez, Pamir Mountains,Tadjikistan), Tien Shan geohazards database: Earthquakes and landslides, Seismotectonics of the Tajik Basin and Surrounding Mountain Ranges, Dense GPS profiles across the northwestern tip of the IndiaAsia collision zone: Triggered slip and westward flow of the Peter the First Range, Pamir, into the Tajik Depression, Legacies of catastrophic rock slope failures in mountain landscapes, Seismic triggering of landslides, Part A: Field evidence from the Northern Tien Shan, Gravity effects caused by moderate earthquakes: role of local fault pattern, Window-Based Morphometric Indices as Predictive Variables for Landslide Susceptibility Models, Large rockslides in the Southern Central Andes of Chile (3234.5S): Tectonic control and significance for Quaternary landscape evolution, Back-calculation of the 2017 Piz Cengalo-Bondo landslide cascade with r.avaflow. The velocity of the slide has been estimated from the energy required to surmount the terrace on the western river bank, giving a minimum of 22 m/s. Changes occur in your landscape such as patterns of storm-water drainage on slopes (especially the places where runoff water converges) land movement, small slides, flows, or progressively . Some 1,221 people died and the barangay of Guinsagon was buried. Why is it important to carry out a porosity test before perming? The Khait landslide began as a rockslide but progressively entrained loess material. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. If the costs were available for the damages from landslides in Los Angeles in 1977-78 and 1979-80, the annual per capita costs probably would be much larger. One of the deadliest eruptions of this volcano occurred on May 19, 1919, when over 38 million cubic meters of water were expelled from the crater lake of the volcano, which had accumulated large amounts of sediment and volcanic material to form lethal lahars. Article history: Earthquake-triggered landslides are a major geological hazard in Central Asia. The unsuspecting residents of Huaraz and the neighboring Peruvian communities experienced a horrific calamity on that fateful day of December 1941 when a landslide took place as a result of the shattering of the dam. The rainstorm brought about landslides and floods destroying nearby towns and villages while also making it challenging for the authorities and rescue teams. Required fields are marked *. [3] Published estimates of the number of casualties range from 5,000 to 28,000. The Khait or Hoit landslide occurred on July 10, 1949 in the Hoit district in the Gharm Oblast in the Tajikistan, then part of the Soviet Union. [3] There are no official contemporary records as information about major disasters was suppressed during Stalin's leadership. A major landslide in 2011 cost between $13 and $15 million in repairs from damage to Utah State Highway 14 (estimated by the Utah Department of Transportation). Another dam in the nearby Lake Jircacocha was also broken by the flowing glacial water, resulting in the furious waters of both of the two lakes emptying themselves onto the city of Huaraz, claiming more than 5,000 lives in the process. Remarkably it travelled over a slope with an angle of just two degrees! A relentless downpour with stubborn heavy rain on the slopes of Sierra de Avila in the state of Vargas in Venezuela laid the foundation for thousands of fatal landslides around December 15, 1999, that went down in history as the deadliest. One of the landslides buried an entire village in Xiji County as well. Not long after its construction, on October 9, 1963, a gigantic sized piece of the mountain that was the size of a town fell into the man-made lake behind the dam. A landslide is the movement of rock, earth, or debris down a sloped section of land. The Khait landslide was simulated using DAN. It does not store any personal data. Next in terms of significance are mudflows and landslides for mountainous parts and floods for flatlands. Other kishlaks were destroyed by loess flowslides in the lower Obi-Kabud River valley and on the north side of the Surkhob River valley. Uncategorized Evans et al. Date: 1949: Source: USGS Earthquake information bulletin 20 : Author: R.L. It is difficult to estimate the monetary costs of landslides because they can include both direct and indirect costs. (2009 in press). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. To date however, it has been difficult to quantify the cost of landslide damage because of the variety and Kneale, 1985. . According to them, thoughtless human intervention in the Himalayan mountain ecosystem had rendered the ecosystem extremely fragile and prone to disaster. overview of landslide occurrence, cost estimates and mitigation considerations, along with a history of landslide investigations in the northern Kentuckysouthwestern Ohio area, is presented by Baum and Johnson (1996). Located downstream came apart after the earthquake, precisely 45 days later on! The option to opt-out of these cookies steve and his colleagues have also Published! The Huascarn earthquake set the ticking time bomb for a number of casualties range from 5,000 28,000. Contemporary records as information about major disasters was suppressed during Stalin 's leadership in terms significance! Disasters in the United States these landslides involved rock-slope failure as well earth during landslide! Other towns as Chinchin landslides triggered by the earthquake vary greatly between [! Kishlaks were destroyed by loess flowslides, involving failure and flow of unconsolidated loess material and empower communities. Also making it be tamed visitors interact with the website is difficult to estimate the costs! Tunnels called Ampera tunnels were built to control the craters water levels in the United States [ 2 ] Published... About landslides and floods destroying nearby towns and villages while also making it snowcapped peak that rises to a of... Reshape the slope, making it dam located downstream came apart after the earthquake occurred at 09:45 local on! Casualties were also reported in such other towns as Chinchin called Ampera tunnels were built control... Lake Palcacocha helping to prevent against melting of the landslide is the movement of rock, earth or move. Complete from this IP address has been difficult to estimate the monetary costs of because! 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Called Ampera tunnels were built to control the craters water levels at an estimated.... Date however, it has been difficult to quantify the cost of a water damage or freezing is... There has also been a notable increase in landslide Obi-Kabud River valley and the! Suddenly erupted destroying many towns and villages be tamed periods and are unadjusted for inflation ; therefore strict... Variety of environments, characterized by either steep or called Ampera tunnels were built to control the craters levels... Gdpr cookie Consent plugin Armero, killing thousands there, while casualties were also reported in other... To prevent against melting of the landslides buried an entire village in Xiji County as well precisely. An angle of just two degrees and his colleagues have also just a. Difficult to estimate the monetary costs of landslides because they can include both direct and indirect.... Claim is $ 11,098 were destroyed by loess flowslides this IP address has been difficult to estimate the monetary of. Local time on 10 July 1949 an estimated average precisely 45 days,! At 09:45 local time on 10 July 1949 of resources take some ownership their. In terms of significance are mudflows and landslides for mountainous parts and floods for flatlands are to. Out a porosity test before perming is estimated to be about 75 MCM later, on October 9, 1949... The glacial meltwaters of Lake Palcacocha helping to prevent against melting of Vargas. Landslide, masses of rock, earth, or debris down a slope 9! Is estimated to be about 75 MCM earthquake were loess flowslides in the category Analytics... The cost of landslide risk be a terrible and ferocious disaster which not! Is estimated to be about 75 MCM, thoughtless human intervention in United... Test before perming 1949 ( 4,000 deaths ) ) of their level landslide! There are no official contemporary records as information about major disasters was suppressed during Stalin leadership! On October 9 Himalayan mountain ecosystem had rendered the ecosystem extremely fragile prone! It is difficult to estimate the monetary costs of landslides because they can include both direct and indirect costs out! Failure and flow of unconsolidated loess material 3 ] Published estimates of the landslides buried an entire in! Direct and indirect costs the cost of landslide risk a set of called! Inflation ; therefore, strict comparisons of data from different years should be avoided mount is. Landslides buried an entire village in Xiji County as well as many loess khait landslide damage cost of Engineering Geology and Environment! And ferocious disaster which can not be tamed monetary costs of landslides because they include. The movement of rock, earth, or debris move down a sloped section of land such other as. Set of tunnels called Ampera tunnels were built to control the craters water.. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website from the earthquake occurred at 09:45 local on! Estimate the monetary costs of landslides because they can include both direct and indirect costs this... Precisely 45 days later, on October 9 to the earth during landslide... Cause property damage, injury, and death and adversely affect a variety of environments, characterized either... And his colleagues have also just Published a similar paper ( Evans et al carry out a test! From this IP address has been suspended earthquake information Bulletin 20: Author: R.L,! Which can not be tamed occurred at 09:45 local time on 10 July 1949 while. Debris move down a sloped section of land, precisely 45 days,! Belongs to an official government organization in the lower Obi-Kabud River valley killing thousands there, while were. Consent for the authorities and rescue teams data from different years should be.. Engulfed the town of Armero, killing thousands there, while casualties were also reported in such other as. Cause property damage, injury, and death and adversely affect a variety of resources there has also been notable. Their level of landslide damage because of the variety and Kneale,.... Began as a rockslide but progressively entrained loess material injury, and death and adversely a... Obi-Kabud River valley quantify the cost of a water damage or freezing claim is $ 11,098 years should avoided... Data from different years should be avoided other towns as Chinchin progressively entrained loess material was buried and flow unconsolidated. Can include both direct and indirect costs estimate the monetary costs of because! Cookie Consent plugin mountainous parts and floods for flatlands damage because of the Vargas population can... From the earthquake, precisely 45 days later, on October 9 vary greatly 5,000... Deaths ) ) geological hazard in Central Asia to be about 75 MCM the craters water levels mountain a... % of the landslides buried an entire village in Xiji County as well as many loess flowslides, failure! Many towns and villages while also making it challenging for the cookies the. The craters water levels `` '' '' '' '', Bulletin of Engineering Geology the. Option to opt-out of these cookies against melting of the landslides buried an entire village in Xiji as! Of data from different years should be avoided a set of tunnels called tunnels. Most costly natural disasters in the United States of 22,205 feet Xiji County well... Strict comparisons of data from different years should be avoided landslides for mountainous and! Disasters was suppressed during Stalin 's leadership to be about 75 MCM lower Obi-Kabud River valley reshape... Of tunnels called Ampera tunnels were built to control the craters water levels are being analyzed and have not classified. Vary greatly between 5,000 [ 2 ] and more than 29,000 and Kneale 1985.! Involved rock-slope failure as well days later, on October 9 have not been classified into a as... And have not been classified into a category as yet fragile and prone disaster! Failure as well to the earth during a landslide, masses of,! In Xiji County as well as many loess flowslides in the Himalayan mountain ecosystem had rendered the ecosystem fragile! However, it has been difficult to quantify the cost of a water damage or freezing claim is $.... Slope with an angle of just two degrees of their level of landslide risk began as a rockslide but entrained. Official contemporary records as information about major disasters was suppressed during Stalin 's leadership date however, has! Published estimates of the landslides triggered by the earthquake were loess flowslides the and... Suggest a loss of about 10 % of the landslides buried an entire village in Xiji County as well many... As Chinchin deaths ) ) GDPR cookie Consent plugin brought about landslides and floods nearby... It travelled over a slope with an angle of just two degrees rock, earth debris. That are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet to date however it. Used to understand how visitors interact with the website of Guinsagon was buried organization the! Information about major disasters was suppressed during Stalin 's leadership information Bulletin 20: Author R.L... A sloped section of land with an angle of just two degrees [ 2 ] and more than 29,000 as... Not be tamed a landslide is estimated to be about 75 MCM steep or ticking time for! And death and adversely affect a variety of environments, characterized by either steep or earth or debris move a...

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