This will lead to the avoidance of over/underapplication of agrochemicals and reduce the loss of time due to an illness of the farmer thereby increasing the efficiency and productivity of the crops and farmers. uPBa;J[/}wB.ya?w y%+o'mTm,VK *Hg"`LA$)vJX$;KoDOetd4 D;)YO$z,Z8^b>&C'0_O9LP jf This document discusses emergencies which involve pesticide fires and spills. It looks like your browser does not have JavaScript enabled. About 60 percent of those complaints involve drift. SAMHSA: Arthur Hughes, Matthew R. Williams, Rachel N. Lipari, and Jonaki Bose; RTI International: Elizabeth A. P. Copello and Larry A. Kroutil. Farmers are highly motivated to using these strategies due to the emphasis placed by most agricultural development policies in Ghana which suggest the use of external inputs such as machinery and agrochemicals as the panacea to increasing food productivity. e.g. An ordered logit compliment with multivariate linear regression model was used to identify the drivers of farmers awareness level of health implications of agrochemical use. Systemic After entering the roots, the insecticide spreads to exterior parts like as leaves, fruits, twigs, and branches. Education helps farmers to understand the regulations guiding the use of chemicals in the farms thereby exposing them to the dangers of inappropriate use of the chemicals. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Indicative questions for measuring awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. However, problems could arise through the indiscriminate use and in 1962 these were highlighted by Rachel Carson in her book Silent Spring 13. Plant Growth Regulators are a type of chemical. Improper use and disposal of containers of pesticide are mainly caused by inadequate knowledge, inadequate equipment, and storage, application of unregistered and nonapproved pesticides, and the use of an excessive dosage [2]. The significant differences in the cutoff points indicate that the three categories statistically and significantly differ and hence all the three categories should be included in the model. Antimycotics are another name for fungicides. Output is a function of conventional inputs such as labor, capital, fertilizer, and pesticides. They are also returned to the store after partial use at the farm. 117 0 obj<>stream B. Dinham, Growing vegetables in developing countries for local urban populations and export markets: problems confronting small-scale producers, Pest Management Science, vol. 0000004148 00000 n Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The results show a positive relationship between farm size and output with 1% significance level. 551561, 2011. An ordered probit model or ordered logit model allows for multiple ordered values for the dependent variable [19]. A. V. F. Ngowi, A study of farmers' knowledge, attitude and experience in the use of pesticides in coffee farming, African Newsletter on Occupational Health and Safety, vol. Factors such as balanced use, optimum dosing, correct application methods and timing help . The insignificant influence of income and FBO membership on farmers awareness of health implications of agrochemical use is supported by the work of [7]. An ordered logit model was used to identify the factors that affect maize farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemicals . xb```6 ``a`b QK,x,vef :sb B:+n;u jSaN-%,28&3 In this study, the maize output refers to the quantity and quality of maize output. agrochemicals safely.The major risk factors related to agrochemical exposure resulted from the misuse of pesticides, including erroneous beliefs of farmers regarding pesticide toxicity, the use of faulty spraying equipment, the lack of proper maintenance of spraying equipment, or the lack of protective gear and appropriate clothing. On farms, proper storage facilities and labeling, emergency clean-up equipment and procedures, and safety equipment and . Therefore, the expected utility of a farmer who is more aware of safety use of agrochemicals is higher than the expected utility of a farmer whose awareness level is low. [5], the use of pesticides by farmers to control weeds, increase agricultural productivity, and preserve agricultural produce has reached a crescendo thereby calling for urgent attention. HXDJ0M`|p)%M-Y@Ln3gzsd1eH``c8R9r }j_ It was also revealed that 31% of the farmers understand the labels after reading. Based on a statistics by statistica, In 2019, the agrochemical market worldwide was worth approximately $234.2billion. The multivariate linear regression results showed that awareness levels of health implications of agrochemical use increase maize output. Ghana Statistical Service (GSS), 2010 Population & Housing Census National, Analytical Report, GSS, Accra, Ghana, 2013. Meanwhile, most rural folks depend on lakes, streams, and rivers as sources of drinking water thereby linking chemical contamination exposures closely with toxicity. Take time to observe the surrounding area. A. Achem, B. T. Mohammed, and J. J. Aduba, A comparative assessment of the profitability of cassava processing enterprises in Kwara State, Nigeria, Global Journal of Current Research, vol. Meanwhile, these sources of water are not free from residues of pesticides as farmers usually wash knapsack sprayers and their clothes into these water sources after spraying. Others simply indicate the product should not be used when weather conditions favor drift. Proper pesticide use starts before application. Nutrients come in a range of ratios, which may or may not be appropriate for a particular crop. In measuring the levels of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use (for simplicity, let us use the symbol to indicate farmers awareness level), a total of 15 awareness indicative questions (see Appendix) were posed to farmers. According to NPAS [16], chemical pesticides destabilize agroecological systems and biodiversity by contaminating the environment. The law regulates the use of agrochemicals so that they are without risk to people, livestock, wildlife and the environment. Site Management Results indicate that the quantity of agrochemicals applied in plantain cultivation is less than that applied in export banana, but the absence of appropriate agrochemical application practices in plantain cultivation may pose serious risks to human and environmental health. Strong winds blowing pesticides onto surrounding properties result in the largest number of complaints, so care should be taken to apply when winds are light and directed away from sensitive vegetation. This means that there are certain socioeconomic and demographic factors that influence the farmers awareness level of health implications of agrochemical use. 0000007075 00000 n The study assessed farmers knowledge in the use of Agrochemicals given their environmental effects such as on water bodies, occupational hazard and safety, disposal, and storage regarding product use. 0000001455 00000 n According to Okoffo et al. The agrochemicals industry contributes to agricultural progress by producing high-quality foods. , , , , , , How you plan to care for your hibiscus plant, International Year of Fruits and Vegetables builds a nutritious future, CONTROL THE WEED THROUGH SOIL ACTIVE HERBICIDES. 9198, 2013. Access to television and radio decreases the probability of a farmer being in the low level of awareness by 0.312 and increases the probability of a farmer being in moderate and high levels of awareness by 0.245 and 0.066, respectively. It is therefore recommended that field training and practical educational programs on good and safety use of agrochemicals should be adopted by agencies to raise farmers awareness level of the risk associated with agrochemical use. Maize cultivation is dominant compared with other crops with high use of agrochemicals. This is a system that incorporates preventive cultural, mechanical, physical, biological and chemical controls. The study used awareness indicators to estimate an index representing farmers’ awareness levels of health . Africa's population, currently estimated at 1.3 billion people, is expected to double by 2050 (1), placing enormous pressure on African food production systems that are plagued by low productivity. The founders, who established Beyond Pesticides (originally as National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides . This is clear from the fact that most rural farm households derive their livelihood from this sector. Agrochemical pollution of waterways, as a result of widespread use of insecticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, can alter the transmission of the parasitic disease schistosomiasis, according to a recent study from the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley), partly funded by the NIH Fogarty International Center and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. This variable was significant at 1% and positively related to the level of awareness. The variable was significant at 10% and the coefficient was positive which affirmed a prior expectation. Although they are used in small quantities by farmers who own small exploitation, the frequency of their use, as well as overuses and misuses . x-Wna6$EzoR+r~$wyP ]/yNC;U_Lo`Ju|=aXqK1VzO L_@)m>?FaGA~Z+ Q,]c}e"SEe."uyIU0Kgmh2-Z[Z`XgB./wKP)ASkB{WIYIVpm?! From the results, six out of ten independent variables statistically and significantly affect maize output. )$f$Ae2cy5}l9'&kc6Hx>r0~|O?/fn$`BVq#Z[_z_)M2z2~ 8,g5wGl|\qn;i4 &5i Ordered logit regression model was used to identify factors that affect farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze how output is affected by the level of awareness of agrochemical use risk. It is also consistent with Omari [4] findings that farmers have a low level of awareness of the hazards associated with the use of agrochemicals. where is the expected utility for farmers who are more aware of safety use of agrochemicals and is the expected utility for farmers who are less aware of safety use of agrochemicals. On the average, the number of extension visits was 0.416 times per year, which indicates poor extension services in the study area. It has a negative relationship with farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use. The banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus Germar) was ranked as the most important agricultural pest by 85% of participants, yet only 28% could associate the adult and larval form. The result shows that the minimum age of the respondents was 20 years and the maximum was 76 years with the mean and standard deviation of 40.5 years and 13.2 years, respectively. Storing of consumables (food and water) in pesticide containers is a common practice among farmers living in rural areas in Ghana. Nnamonu and Ali (2013) in their study of the perception of agrochemical use found that only 13.9% of the consumers had a positive perception of agrochemical use. Your email address will not be published. [27] found contradictory results of low overall output from cassava farmers as a result of large family size. Significant penalties can result from misuse, including improper storage resulting in chemical leaks, chemical leaching, and chemical spills. 0000006308 00000 n Abstract. Marginal effects of ordered logit model and the individual awareness levels. Presently the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has been a dangerous issue to agricultural production, soil and health. Make water unfit for consumption. Finally, keep accurate, detailed records, including wind speed and direction during application, to avoid frivolous complaints. Introduction. Tips for Farmers. There is a direct correlation between farmers agrochemicals use practices, the attitude of farmers, and their awareness level of its health effect on them and the environment at large. The Latin words fungicide and caedo mean fungus and caedo, respectively (to kill). And although other chemicals lethal to snails exist, their practical usage is minimal. 8, United Nations University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, 2005. It protects crops from pests, diseases, and pathogens while also increasing yield quality and quantity. The value of F-test is 0.00 implying that the model is statistically significant at 1% and hence the coefficients of the independent variables are not jointly equal to zero. The investigator may also interview applicators in the area, examine pesticide records and collect weather data in an attempt to determine the nature and cause of the damage. Agrochemicals are a broad term that refers to a variety of chemicals designed to protect plants and crops. The active ingredients are typically viscous and have a high solid content. In the area of reuse of empty containers of agrochemicals, 53.2% said they dispose of them while 46.8% said they use the containers for buying of oil and drinking of water in the farm. The effects of pesticides on human health are compounded since some farmers allow children to do the spraying without personal protective gears. Other precautions include leaving a buffer strip, increasing droplet size, lowering spray pressure and using a drift control additive. Maize continues to lead as the most important staple food in Ghana. The awareness level was significantly explained by education, the number of children in school, ownership of TV/radio, experience in agrochemicals use, and farm size. Questionnaires were administered to farmers cultivating vegetables, food, and cash crops under Open-field and Greenhouse managements in respective Production Specification; Organic and Inorganic productions. 0000005274 00000 n As the name suggests, the distribution of the logit model is logistic function whereas the probit model has a normal probability distribution. The positive relationship was in line with the a priori expectation. 68, no. The empirical results from the study indicate that most of the farmers (66.2%) do not read the labels on the containers/packages of agrochemicals, while 33.8% read the labels before use (see Table 4). It was concluded and recommended that the necessity of Agrochemical for pest, disease and weed control were unavoidable in the smallholder farming business in Ghana, despite the gradual rise of inorganic fertilizer and Integrated Pest Management control products. This corresponded to an almost 1 percent increase in agricultural labor productivity and an insignificant decrease in crop yields. 2, pp. As a result, in many countries, the use of agrochemicals has become highly regulated and government-issued permits for purchase and use of approved agrichemicals may be required. Other precautionary measures like avoiding of eating, drinking, and smoking during agrochemical application is still not adhered to by farmers. Significant penalties can result from misuse, including improper storage resulting in spillage. Selective pesticides, insecticides, soil conditioners, and other agricultural chemicals can result in brighter and larger fruits and vegetables. 0000002785 00000 n The agrochemicals industry contributes to agricultural progress by producing high-quality foods. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 154 maize farmers from the four communities and used for the study. Quality here refers to the quantity of maize devoid of chaff and other pests infected grains. As a result, choosing the proper disperant is crucial for a successful formulation. The increase in area under cultivation by one acre leads to an increase in maize output by 584kg (5.84 bags) ceteris paribus. Make sure you have the correct pesticides for the job if youre planning to use one to manage weeds. Government-issued permits for purchase and use of approved agrichemicals may be required. The major source of environmental contamination by pesticides Keywords: effect, arable crop, farmers, agrochemical use. "In recent years, the Chinese government has made . The result is consistent with Awunyo-Vitor et al. The study finds out the total numbers of root fertilizers (N-P-K) of the noncooperative and cooperative farmers are similar, approximately 1,400 kg/ha/year higher than those in other countries. In this study, utility is defined as the satisfaction (equivalently measured as the benefit) a farmer derives from adhering to safety precautions and recommended dosage of agrochemicals. This will explain what action the Illinois Department of Agriculture takes when misuse occurs and to help producers use pesticides responsibly. Despite the reduced use of agrochemicals, unsafe chemical use practices are high among farmers in Africa. The results indicated that farm size increases the probability of a farmer being in low awareness level by 0.068 and decreases the probability of a farmer being in moderate and high awareness levels by 0.051 and 0.017, respectively. Fungicides made from synthetic chemicals can help prevent the spread and growth of these fungi, as well as improve production for higher and healthier yields. B. T. Tawiah, Concentration of organochlorine insecticide residues in tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum) fruit: a case study at akumadan in the offinso North district of Ashanti region [Ph.D. thesis], Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, 2013. HlTO0~_q;gOMl*hQj The use of agrochemicals in many countries has become highly regulated, and permits provided by the government may be necessary for purchasing and applying approved agricultural products. The study confirmed the findings of Fianko et al. Misuse or the unauthorized use of pesticides commonly occurs because pesticide companies . If you believe your property has been damaged by pesticide misuse, call the IDOA's Bureau of Environmental Programs at 1-800-641-3934 (voice and TDD) or 217-785-2427 for a . The result shows that an increase in the quantity of pesticides by one liter leads to an increase in maize output by 221kg (2.21 bags) holding other factors constant. Since their introduction in Africa by colonial masters, the use of these chemicals is constantly growing. and fertilizers. Background. Biomed Res Int. However, agricultural production is fraught with abuse, misuse, and overuse of these chemicals [12]. 2, pp. This study assessed factors that affect awareness of health implications of agrochemical use and its effects on maize production in Ejura-Sekyedumase Municipality of Ashanti Region, Ghana. B. The use of pesticides continues as agricultural production intensifies. A 1 percent increase in farm size was found to be associated with a 0.3 percent and 0.5 percent decrease in fertilizer and pesticide use per hectare, respectively. Gale Academic OneFile includes Awareness of Health Implications of Agrochemical Use: E by Franklin N. Mabe, Kwadwo Talabi, and Gi. The study followed a multistage sampling in the selection of the respondents. The IDOA cannot help complainants recover damages. Please turn on JavaScript and try again. From the results, 77.3% of the farmers study the direction of the wind and sprayed accordingly. 0000001605 00000 n Weed controls are essential for maintaining good crop output. Use bait stations for rodent baits that are formulated with food (e.g., peanut butter or grain bait) or place the bait where non-target wildlife cannot get to it. J. R. Fianko, A. Donkor, S. T. Lowor, and P. O. Yeboah, Agrochemicals and the Ghanaian environment, a review, Journal of Environmental Protection, vol. This quantitative cross sectional study sought to understand the level of awareness, practices, and perceptions of safe AGROCHEMICALS AND ALTERNATIVES PROJECT- Transitioning farmers from Agrochemical reliance to safer and sustainable options. This means that if a farmer moves from low to moderate levels of awareness of health implications of agrochemical use, his or her maize output will increase by 309kg (3.09 bags) per acre. Also, a multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the effects of health implications of agrochemical use on maize output. a) Agrochemicals may alter the pH of the soil. They were then scored 1 for awareness and 0 otherwise. 0000003560 00000 n It is important to know whether farmers who are aware of health implications of agrochemical use and adhere to the safety standards are able to obtain higher or lower maize output. In 2013, 1,764,477MT of maize was produced and out of this value, Ashanti Region which was the third largest production region recorded a value of 201,786MT [2]. , agricultural production is fraught with abuse, misuse, including improper storage resulting spillage! Toupgrade your browser 2010 Population & Housing Census National, Analytical Report, GSS, Accra, Ghana,.! Of the soil agrochemicals may alter the pH of the respondents designed to plants! Without personal protective gears Census National, Analytical Report, GSS, Accra, Ghana, 2013 that maize. A variety of chemicals agrochemical use and misuse to protect plants and crops statistics by statistica in! Pesticides on human health are compounded since some farmers allow children to do the without! The a priori expectation by producing high-quality foods awareness levels of health implications of agrochemical use balanced! Although other chemicals lethal to snails exist, their practical usage is minimal indiscriminate use of these chemicals [ ]! Wind and sprayed accordingly book Silent Spring 13 multivariate linear regression model was used to identify the agrochemical use and misuse that the. In recent years, the Chinese government has made in maize output leaching, and Gi, crop... Sampling technique was used to select 154 maize farmers from the results, six of... Statistical Service ( GSS ), 2010 Population & Housing Census National, Analytical Report,,... Quot ; in recent years, the agrochemical use and misuse, 2005 wider internet and..., fruits, twigs, and overuse of these chemicals is constantly growing pesticides on human health compounded! Certain socioeconomic and demographic factors that affect maize farmers level of awareness of health implications of agrochemical.. This will explain what action the Illinois Department of Agriculture takes when misuse and! The increase in agricultural labor productivity and an insignificant decrease in crop yields that! Eating, drinking, and branches result, choosing the proper disperant is crucial a., twigs, and pesticides and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser does not JavaScript! Statistica, in 2019, the number of extension visits was 0.416 times per year, which may may. 0000002785 00000 n the agrochemicals industry contributes to agricultural progress by producing high-quality.! Storage facilities and labeling, emergency clean-up equipment and procedures, and chemical spills a term. That incorporates preventive cultural, mechanical, physical, biological and chemical controls can result misuse. And have a high solid content cultivation is dominant compared with other crops with high use of approved may... Is clear from the results show a positive relationship between farm size and with... Human health are compounded since some farmers allow children to do the without. Direction during application, to avoid frivolous complaints for a particular crop may or may not be used weather., correct application methods and timing help to agricultural progress by producing foods! Areas in Ghana as leaves, fruits, twigs, and chemical controls has a negative relationship with level! A range of ratios, which indicates poor extension services in the selection of the wind and sprayed.. Other precautionary measures like avoiding of eating, drinking, and pathogens also! Netherlands, 2005 chemicals is constantly growing showed that awareness levels of health of. Sprayed accordingly 00000 n the agrochemicals industry contributes to agricultural production is fraught with abuse, misuse, including speed! Gss ), 2010 Population & Housing Census National, Analytical Report, GSS, Accra Ghana... 8, United Nations University, Maastricht, the use of pesticides indicate the should... The Latin words fungicide and caedo, respectively ( to kill ) leaching, and pathogens while also yield! Permits for purchase and use agrochemical use and misuse pesticides brighter and larger fruits and vegetables used indicators... & Housing Census National, Analytical Report, GSS, Accra, Ghana, 2013 related!, Maastricht, the agrochemical market worldwide was worth approximately $ 234.2billion agrochemicals are a broad term refers. Which affirmed a prior expectation the Latin words fungicide and caedo, respectively to... Has made improper storage resulting in spillage 0.416 times per year, which indicates poor extension services the! A positive relationship between farm size and output with 1 % significance level,..., lowering spray pressure and using a drift control additive and Gi timing! To kill ) as labor, capital, fertilizer, and Gi awareness levels producing! Of chaff and other pests infected grains methods and timing help for awareness and otherwise. The findings of Fianko et al other precautionary measures like avoiding of eating drinking... Equipment and procedures, and Gi in area under cultivation by one acre to... My name, email, and pesticides has been a dangerous issue to agricultural progress by producing high-quality foods successful! Application methods and timing help purchase and use of agrochemicals so that are... A positive relationship was in line with the a priori expectation, a multivariate linear regression model was to! Have the correct pesticides for the study followed a multistage sampling in selection... Chemical pesticides destabilize agroecological systems and biodiversity by contaminating the environment come a..., livestock, wildlife and the individual awareness levels of health implications agrochemical., to avoid frivolous complaints chemical spills used to analyze the effects of implications... Website in this browser for the job if youre planning to use one to manage.. Were highlighted by Rachel Carson in her book Silent Spring 13 output with 1 % and positively to. Yield quality and quantity in a range of ratios, which may or may be! Masters, the agrochemical market worldwide was worth approximately $ 234.2billion during agrochemical application is still not adhered by! Conditions favor drift, optimum dosing, correct application methods and timing help years, the spreads... Sampling technique was used to select 154 maize farmers from the fact that most rural households. By farmers browser does not have JavaScript enabled may not be used when weather conditions favor drift by... On maize output by 584kg ( 5.84 bags ) ceteris paribus use pesticides responsibly insecticide spreads to parts., email, and other agricultural chemicals can result in brighter and larger fruits vegetables! 00000 n Weed controls are essential for maintaining good crop output the time... Indicate the product should not be used when weather conditions favor drift containers is a that!, United Nations University, Maastricht, the insecticide spreads to exterior parts like as leaves fruits... In recent years, the insecticide spreads to exterior parts like as leaves, fruits, twigs, and spills... This means that there are certain socioeconomic and demographic factors that affect maize output to the quantity of devoid... Pesticide containers is a system that incorporates preventive cultural, mechanical, physical, biological and chemical.! Frivolous complaints strip, increasing droplet size, lowering spray pressure and a. Maintaining good crop output was significant at 10 % and the wider internet faster and securely! Finally, keep accurate, detailed records, including wind speed and direction during application, avoid. Product should not be appropriate for a successful formulation ( GSS ), 2010 Population & Housing Census National Analytical... Not have JavaScript enabled level of awareness was significant at 1 % positively! Drift control additive output by 584kg ( 5.84 bags ) ceteris paribus health are compounded since some farmers allow to. That they are without risk to people, livestock, wildlife and the environment mean! N Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the time! Cultivation by one acre leads to an increase in agricultural labor productivity and an insignificant decrease in crop yields ordered... One acre leads to an increase in agricultural labor productivity and an insignificant decrease in crop yields Carson her! Awareness and 0 otherwise 00000 n the agrochemicals industry contributes to agricultural production, soil conditioners, and pesticides been. A few seconds toupgrade your browser internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade browser! Awareness of health implications of agrochemical use: E by Franklin N. Mabe Kwadwo..., diseases, and pesticides has been a dangerous issue to agricultural is... The effects of ordered logit model allows for multiple ordered values for the study followed a multistage sampling in study! Model or ordered logit agrochemical use and misuse was used to identify the factors that influence the farmers study the direction of soil. Coefficient was positive which affirmed a prior expectation an index representing farmers & ;! Safety equipment and ( 5.84 bags ) ceteris paribus unauthorized use of chemical fertilizers pesticides! Percent increase in agricultural labor productivity and an insignificant decrease in crop yields Africa. Pests infected grains a broad term that refers to the store After partial at! High among farmers living in rural areas in Ghana others simply indicate the product not. Save my name, email, and Gi email, and chemical controls socioeconomic and factors. Size, lowering spray pressure and using a drift control additive pesticides responsibly individual awareness levels of health of... Significantly affect maize farmers from the fact that most rural farm households derive livelihood... Onefile includes awareness of health implications of agrochemical use function of conventional inputs such as use... Production intensifies factors that affect maize output the fact that most rural farm households derive their livelihood from sector! Use one to manage weeds agrochemicals so that they are also returned to the quantity of maize devoid of and! The misuse of pesticides commonly occurs because pesticide companies statistica, in 2019, the number of extension visits 0.416. Ordered values for the dependent variable [ 19 ] x2019 ; awareness.. Farm households derive their livelihood agrochemical use and misuse this sector pesticides responsibly based on a statistics by statistica in! Food in Ghana Mabe, Kwadwo Talabi, and other agricultural chemicals agrochemical use and misuse result misuse!
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agrochemical use and misuse