Each tribe take their own novices away with them, and put them through the remaining stages of initiation in their own country. His depictions were not of the Gringai, but the assumption is made that the Gringai shared some of the ways of dress with the Indigenous Browne depicts. The men took their share first and the women and children made a meal of what was left. She then passed the crossed ends of the cords rapidly to and fro between her closed lips until the blood, drawn by the friction dropped freely into the water, discolouring it to a crimson fluid. . Figure 3: Richard Browne (17711824). The mothers and other women belonging to each tribe go out of the ring of the white men on the side next their own country. It was amazing the quantity of food the toddlers could consume, and It was astonishing that it did them no harm. There never was anything of permanency about a blackfellows home. As a feat of agility it was more than ordinarily remarkable. Watch the video below to find out more information on the history of the Wonnarua Aboriginal Corporation. Doughboy Billy, to whom Mr. Boydell presented a brass plate with the inscription, King of the Tribe, died in the gully behind what is now Mr. R. G. Berrys. Then the mothers go back to their own quarters, and the novices are taken by their guardians a short distance away, where they make a camp. The women twisted this fibre to the required thickness and length by rolling it on the front part of the thigh with the hands. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 13 Apr 1923 Page 2 The Origin of Dungog. Bail steal em, master they protested vigorously, We only take it. This naive explanation was their manner of discrimi- nating between something taken with malicious intent, and something taken merely to gratify a fancy. The fire got rid of those. They pronounced g nasally like the ng in sing. The T and D sounds were very difficult to differentiate. On the eventful morning I went to the place indicated, where I found about two hundred of the tribesmen differently, but tastefully, painted in red, white, and yellow, and armed to the teeth. National Native Title Council chief executiveJamie Lowe said lessons could be taken from the Juukan Gorge final report when assessing Aboriginal cultural heritage. As they attempted to escape he had ordered the soldiers to fire upon them, by which he had reason to believe that one blackfellow with one arm had been killed and some of the others wounded. As the smoke swirled and eddied about his curly head, the silence was broken as though this had been the signal for speech. In a hollow fork I discovered one of these mystery bags. No return was made to this, and on repeating the sign an answer was returned in a loud and as it seemed menacing tone. Very rarely did an aboriginal stoop down to pick up any article from the ground. %PDF-1.3 It would be no exaggeration to say that their aim was very accurate up to a hundred yards, and it was possible for them to throw the lance farther than this. Company despatched their small body of veterans time-expired soldiers from Carrington to supplement the civilians, but the soldiers never reached the scene of operations, having halted and retired when within 6 miles of the station, fearing an ambush, leaving the decision to the two civilian bodies, who enacted a terrible vengeance. The main shaft was the dried stem of the gigantic lily (pooloongearn), and into this was fitted a secondary portion, a part of the dried flower stem of the grass tree (pummirri). Mr J. E. Irwin told me the trees are still marked round the Tillegra bora. Create your family tree now Free use forever No credit card required Create your family tree now Discover more for design. provided seeds suitable for grinding and baking into seed cakes (McBryde 1976:65), as may the kind of oat-grass seen by Cunningham (Joumal 7/5/1823 ) in the upper Goulburn Valley. "We don't have a connection to this homestead or to this area at all," he said. The young, tender stalks of the gigantic lily (ipooloongearn), was another form of vegetable delicacy, only procurable, however, at certain seasons of the year. These stones are raked out of the heap of earth and ashes in the middle of the ring, and are warm, owing to the fire which is burning on top of the heap. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Collection, Australian Museum Research Institute (AMRI), Australian Museum Lizard Island Research Station. Captain Moffatt and I agreed to set off at 2 to-morrow, that nothing may be left undone on this lamentable occasion. When the kangaroos came hopping along, a cloud of spears and purrahmirre. The recorded history of the Wonnarua begins in the early nineteenth century when the Europeans settled. Return of the Boys.- A start is now made towards the womens camp, all the men and boys leaving the kweealbang in single file. Simply put, a family tree is a record of the lineage of a family. Respect . Renowned historian and Wonnarua descendant, James Miller explains in his book Koori a Will to Win: The land held the key to life's secrets. Wildcard, crossword As soon as the bull-roarers commenced to sound, the men of the new mob entered the goonambang, and walked round, and then started towards the kackaroo in a meandering line, in single file carrying their boomerangs and other weapons with them. ?j"PeezDl(K6+iwZaA[]l-{/;AC^(!.y>lz+=-e_!N AnWq%H0R"-L-+ Strangely enough neither men nor women adorned themselves with ornaments of any description, being content to present themselves to the world as Nature so fashioned them. All the men at the goonambang then start towards the kackaroo in single file, march- ing in a meandering course, and shouting as they go. The Blacks of Dungog, Port Stephens and Gresford. [8] In 1789 an outbreak of what was probably smallpox in Sydney killed many Aborigines and caused a large number of survivors to flee. The blacks were always fearful of a raid by the Myall River natives, who were reputed to be very warlike and aggressive. (HEC). The blacks were often sent out to get bark, as they were excellent at the job. In the Wonnarua dreamtime the Hunter Valley was created by the great spirit, Baime (Byamee). Sir I do my self the honor to inform you that the blacks have again commenced committing serious depredations in this neighbourhood. He appears painted with pipeclay and carries a fire-stick in his hand; but generally it is the [clever men] who alone perceive him and to whom he says Fear not come and talk. At other times he comes where the blacks are asleep and takes them up, as an eagle his prey, and carries them away for a time. How they worked out the mathematics of the curve and balance was ever a puzzle to me, as it has been to anthropologists all over the world, but though they always seemed to be making boomerangs, one never heard of any being spoiled or made in such fashion as to prove useless when put to the crucial test. In those early days the blacks knew little of matches, and certainly never used them for the purpose of lighting their fires. The first thing that I saw when our party came up with the black camp, was the deceased speared; he was armed with a fowling piece; he stood a little in front of his party, and I saw the spear thrown at him from the left, which struck him under the shoulder blade; there was only one black man on his left side; the deceased plucked out the spear, and followed the black who had speared him; he was assisted by two others of the party in the chase, and they captured him about a quarter of a mile off. Wildlife dwindled. The spears were really wonderful weapons; long, slender and graceful, and fashioned with a balance that was amazingly perfect. Pride . The first recipient never troubled about being deprived of possession, and enjoyed more the uses to which It was put by his friends. The howling continued all the time. The blacks murdered all Nolans shepherds, and to deal with them a detachment of soldiers was sent up from Sydney. Having gone round in this manner two or three times, the men and women come out, and the white mob keep closing in nearer and nearer the fire - the guardians and novices being in the centre. Coen was responsible for the storms, floods, droughts and fires and had carried off manyfor offences against tribal laws. It will be seen how easily the blacks word Tugag pronounced by them Toon- gang was corrupted. But a different local Indigenous group said Indigenous oral history did not prove a massacre at Ravensworth occurred. The whites also got them to rob bees nests. I have included the vocabularies from works clearly indicating the tribe they are referring to is Gringai, and have included multiple entries where they exist. With these birds and animals,usually well trained, they would amuse themselves for hours, indulging in fits of mirth at the antics and feats of their pets. With equal reverence the [women] looked upon the small wood-pecker hailing his appearance with delight as presaging good fortune while he lingered in the vicinity, busy with his sharp strong bill seeking grubs under the bark of the trees. If you asked any of the old men how they came there; they would tell you: That log was there when I bought the farm. All I have seen were big logs and long, and had fallen across the current, making fine foot bridges. When they get to the rear, they turn round and again throw pieces of hark over the heads of the men and boys. Glencore and Mr Perry's corporation have an ongoing partnership, but Mr Perry deniedit created a possible conflict of interest. Groups living near the Wonnarua include the Darkinjung and the Wirad. The tail of a squirrel or opossum has previously been fastened on the side of this hole by one of the men, unknown to the boys, to convey the idea that the rest of the animal is within. The sisters of the novices each pick up a piece of burning bark from a fire close by the ring, where they have been smouldering ready for use. 75-81 York StreetSingleton NSW 2330, telephone "I just simply haven't sufficient evidence for mycriteria to include a massacre site on the map.". It is an arduous task that Mr. Mackay and myself are called upon to perform each month, to wit, to walk to Stroud from Dungog for the purpose of administering justice, and as the way is beset with wild blacks, who frequently molest and threaten us Fitzpatric also mentions: Armed conflict with police at a place called (in de- rision) Waterloo, near Browns Creek. He comments: Police got the worst of it. Until the Great Sky Spirit Baiame opened his eyes'. Gordon Bennett (reprinted 1964) p3. The Wonnarua people, otherwise written Wanarruwa, are a group of Aboriginal Australian people united by strong ties of kinship, and who survived in family groups or clans scattered along the inland area of what is now known as the Upper Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. Some time after around 1841 the original Hookes and Laurie family moving in after that date. His mother then approaches him, and holds her breast to his face, pretending to suckle him. I never knew the blacks to steal anything from our premises except water-melons, of which they were extremely fond. The Wonnarua people's traditional lands are located in the Hunter Valley area of New South Wales. Creating a family tree on Microsoft word is simple and straightforward. The headmen now ask the women to come up close, and the mother of each boy sits on the ground just outside the ring, near her son; his sisters and relatives are a little farther off, and the other women and children outside of the last named. From this circle, the yuppang (pathway) stretched 550 paces to the goonambang (excrement place). Anagrams The [shelters were] merely a few sheets of bark placed against a convenient log, or bushes roughly planted alongside some huge forest giant. At various times they were ordered to assume uncomfortable positions and to remain so until the sun crossed the sky. It was amazing the speed at which these seemingly cumbersome craft could be driven through the water by their owners, their lightness and shallow draught having a good deal to do with this. The second, which Mr Bennett seemingly refers to under Captain Reynolds, is apparently that expedition which led up to the encounter on Browns Creek, Wallamba, in which the whites were so decidedly worsted, that the locality of the encounter in question yet bears the name of Waterloo. For the latest information, searchABC Emergency, For the latestweather warnings in the Northern Territory, search onABC Emergency. White men are not allowed to be present at this great ceremony, but by bribing one of the leading men I was permitted to be present at a part of the performance on condition that I did not come so near the company as to annoy the assembled tribes. When the novices have got about 50 or 100 yards from the kackaroo, two men who were in readiness, one on each side of the ring, commence loudly sounding their bull-roarers. The wattie, however, was deadly in its execution, and there was never any doubt about it when it fell. 3.- The greatest decrease has been among children and women. By some unerring instinct the blacks knew to within a day when the first of the great shoals would appear through the heads. When these preparations had been made, the next thing was to find out who was responsible for the mans death, it being believed that all sickness wa s brought about by the machinations of an enemy. Snakes were greatly esteemed by our epicurean friends, their flesh, when roasted, being beautifully white and apparently very tasty. The shout then set up by all was deafening. That, so far as I can recollect, concluded that particular ceremony. It stems from the work of a West Maitland schoolteacher in the 1880s in which, he used the word Gringai to describe a group of Aborigines living near Dungog . hVmo:iNK$ ]z!C;IL}s,9,.EbxX08,vp1 X3?,XcB1#]S;4=>|e~wqbI? These performances are generally carried on at night by the light of the row of camp fires-the novices sitting in the shelter, while the men are acting on the other side of the fire. Sir By the directions of T. Cook, Esq., our Supt of Police, and in explanation of that part of your letter to him dated the 30th July, relative to the aboriginal black named in the margin [Jemmy], I do myself the honor to inform you that the said black native was tried at this court on 29th January last, and found guilty of an assault and robbery, and committed to take his trial before the Supreme Court. An implement greatly In use was the tomahawk. In every creek, in every gully, lay dead blacks, and Ganghat became anathema; a place accursed, Then another name arose tor the locality Belbora (now mostly called Belbowrie.) Baal Bora to signify that the circular ceremonial of the Boombit should never more be enacted there Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 9 Nov 1923 Page 3 The Pioneers. They never felled a tree, but climbed it by cutting nicks in the tree for toe holts. Not only did many of these children die, those who survived were almost invariably rendered infertile, a hugely significant factor in Aboriginal depopulation. The upper part of this block, along the line of Barring- ton Street, was very heavily scrubbed, while the portion nearer to Church Street was more open. Their attitude towards visiting blacks was also worthy of note. Sir The aboriginal black named in the margin [McCarthy,] for whose appre- hension a reward of 10 was offered some time since in the Govt Gazette, has lately made his appearance in this neighbourhood, and could be easily captured, but as. The chase was a big part of the lives of the males, and strange to relate the spoils were usually divided equally among the various members of the tribe. Add new content to your site from Sensagent by XML. About this fire, and in lines radiating from the centre like spokes of a wheel, were a number of naked blacks, their heads bowed to the earth. Fish, as a general term, was muckeroo. Then came the individual sorts as follows: Porpoise, cooprar; shark, toorarcle; turtle, coorahcumarn; snapper, kurrang- cum; jew-fish, turrahwurrah; mullet, peewah; bream, coopere; stingray, billorn; torpedo-fish, kirrepoontoo; eel, toonang; fiathead, tarrahwarng; oysters, nonnung; cray-fish, wirrah; crab, beerah; shrimp, punnoong. My old friend the late John Hopson stated that he had been informed by J. W. Boydell that in summertime the Patterson River Blacks ascended the Barrington Tops via the Allyn River Valley and on his visit in Dec 1915, we found a stone axe. Marsupials were in abundance among the ridges and on the flat lands; there were birds In the trees and on the swamps. The main camp of the natives who were present at the ceremonies was pitched in an open forest, on some gently sloping ground a few chains easterly from the left bank of a small watercourse, a tributary of the Allyn River, within Portion No. The settlers of Port Stephens, reinforced by the small body of time expired soldiers, retained by the A.A. Coy, proceeded direct to the scene.. . The sparks would be gently blown upon until a flame appeared, when thereafter it was no trouble to build up a roaring fire. If the earth is damp, owing to recent rains, pieces of bark stripped from the adjacent trees, or heaps of bushes, are laid on the ground for the women to lie on. This cleared space and its adjuncts is called kweealbang (fire place, or place of the fire). endstream endobj 73 0 obj <>stream When these leaves get dry, it will be considered about time to bring the boys back to the Kweealbang. All the men, except the guardians, now return to the fire and stand on the green bushes in turn, until they have all been smoked. According to oral tradition quite a number were shot at the place called Waterloo although the police (or soldiers) eventually retreated. Whirling the stick with amazing speed its hardened point would emerge from the pith, spilling a fiery dust that dropped on a little heap of soft, fine bark placed to catch it. In this section, explore all the different ways you can be a part of the Museum's groundbreaking research, as well as come face-to-face with our dedicated staff. 'The Valley was always there in the Dreaming, though mountains, trees, animals and people were not yet formed. They wrote down what they thought they heard, but the Gringai language (Kathang or Gathang) does not have equiv- alent English consonants. Baime awoke and created everything, the mountains, plains, rivers and every living thing. A stockman hav- ing come from Baker station, where Mr. Chas. Ironbark was used in their manufacture, and the bulging knob was capable of putting an enemy out of action with little trouble. Barrallier (1802:81-82) observed at Newcastle that the Aborigines ate the roots of Fern [which he surprised a youth in the act of collecting] and a sort of root or yam. FamilySearch is an international, nonprofit organization dedicated to helping all people discover their family story. This unfor- tunate circumstance has given the blacks more courage, and their depredations are becoming more formidable, so that several respectable persons who have stations on the Manning have lately called on me and [called] for protection, but I could only refer them to Captain King, the Commissioner for the Australian Agricultural Company. Vocabularies of the Manning RIver and Hunter river in Edward M Currs The. [The canoes] were generally 15 feet long, and with a fair beam, required some handling by an amateur. Allan Cunningham (16/4/1825) had noted this plant growing on and below a ridge just north of Denman. A troop of painted savages would bound into the magic circle, and prancing about and clash, ing thelir spears, would announce in hoarse tones that they could not find the poomblts, (the boys who were being initiated). We provide free guidance and resources to help you make more family history discoveries. The fear that this race inspired in the natives of localities adjoining their boundaries reached as far as Dungog, and twenty years ago when Brandy was the last of his tribe in the district he would often mention with apparently genuine fear, the possibility of a raid by the wild blacks from the west. Company first established itself on the shores of the harbor. Lyn MacBain, who hasstudied local history in Singleton for the past 30 years, said the homestead should stay put. In regard to the food supply of a camp, Dr McKinlay states that the aborigines lived well and happily about Dungog. An epic of the fight must have been the struggle between a big Irishman named Whalan and his foes as when his body was found it had four spears through it and no less than seven blacks were lying near him with their skulls smashed by a heavy rail with which he had apparently armed himself. After Mr. McKenzies death Mr. Simon Lord, a well-known Sydney merchant (after whom Lords Creek is named) of the early Forties of last century, took over the management of the Rawdens properties for a few years and until they were sold. [8] See also [ edit] Gordon Bennett (reprinted 1964) p6-7. These were sacred to the owner. There was a good deal of make- believe in the business that follow ed, probably carried on for the bene fit of the. Mathews, R.H. 1897. In deference to the very evident wish[es] that I should depart, I rode away. Two days prior to this, while in the Jerrys Plains area, Cunningham had noted Exocarpus [Native Cherry] and Sterculia heterophyllus [Kurrajong - NSW Herbarium] appearing in every part of the Forest. The Wonnarua. Brandy, the last of the Gingai related [a story of] a [young woman] who had spied on the secret bora ceremonies. These weapons were usually made of wood from the wild myrtle, hardened, like all their other wooden implements, by fire. All of them then join hands, each man having hold of the hand of the man or boy on his right and oni his left, having their faces toward the fire in the centre, and form a complete circle round the women. I once saw a black named Charlie Dee mount a huge turpentine tree, more than 100-feet to the first limb, by simply using toe holds cut with his ready tomahawk. Meanwhile a strong body of settlers from the Williams and Allen Rivers struck out to the north-west, ascending the Williams and Chichester Rivers. Dungog (aboriginal Tunkok, signifying Clear Hills) witnessed the closing scene of the drama, when the law of the land intervened and one solitary black was hanged for complicity in the raid, the place of execution being on or about the present site of the police station of that town. Out more information on the history of the Wonnarua Aboriginal Corporation the kangaroos hopping. This area at all, '' he said first established itself on the front part the... In after that date anything from our premises except water-melons, of which they extremely... White and apparently very tasty of settlers from the wild myrtle,,! Sun crossed the Sky s traditional lands are located in the Hunter area. The yuppang ( pathway ) stretched 550 paces to the food supply a. Committing serious depredations in this neighbourhood for the bene fit of the thigh with the.! 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Cunningham ( 16/4/1825 ) had noted this plant growing on and below a ridge just of! A raid by the great Sky spirit Baiame opened his eyes & # x27 s. A ridge just north of Denman shoals would appear through the heads with. Offences against tribal laws and children made a meal of what was left all I have seen were big and! The men and boys were really wonderful weapons ; long, and fashioned a. In regard to the required thickness and length by rolling it on the swamps when! From our premises except water-melons, of which they were ordered to assume uncomfortable positions and to with! Aborigines lived well and happily about Dungog and graceful, and fashioned with balance... Is simple and straightforward created a possible conflict of interest do my self the honor inform. Out more information on the history of the Wonnarua include the Darkinjung and the women and children made meal... I can recollect, concluded that particular ceremony would be gently blown upon until a flame,! 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Information on the swamps from Sydney the current, making fine foot bridges, required some handling by an.! Food supply of a camp, Dr McKinlay states that the aborigines lived well happily!
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wonnarua family tree