why is mexico a collectivist culture

The outcomes and ways of parenting children are seen as an extension of the group as a whole (Triandis 1995). A collectivist culture is a culture that values group membership over individual pursuits. Not speaking the local dialect, he was bullied by the group of schoolchildren as a whole and eventually found dead in a utility closet. This report examines cultural and institutional factors of Mexico and how they can impact global HR management and practices. The collectivist is motivated by group goals. Retrieved March 15, 2017, from https://geert-hofstede.com/mexico.html, The Pennsylvania State University (2017). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111(4), 567-584. doi:10.1037/pspp0000114. Copyright 2023 The Pennsylvania State University, Blog #4 Western Influence on Younger Generations of Japanese. What makes a country a collectivist or individualist country? Mexico is considered a masculine culture with a score of 69. Managers are expected to be decisive and assertive with an emphasis is on equity, competition, and performance. People in societies classified by a high score in Indulgence generally exhibit a willingness to realise their impulses and desires with regard to enjoying life and having fun. From birth, families encourage children to mmake ingroups the center of their lives. Turkish ethnic groups in Western Europe also have high levels of rigidity in social behaviors cultural tightness in comparison to the general population. Mexico is an example of a collectivist country. The importance of culture lies in its close association with the ways of thinking and living. My story starts like this; both of my parents are from Guadalajara well most of my family is from that part of Mxico. The first time my mom went over to my dads house for dinner it showed how different their cultures are. This dimension describes how every society has to maintain some links with its own past while dealing with the challenges of the present and future, and societies prioritise these two existential goals differently. Retrieved from https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/mexico,the-usa/. Collectivism has four important cultural traits. Noordin, F. (2004). China: China is considered one of the most collectivist cultures in the world, as reflected in the nation's official communist ideology. Collectivist cultures prioritise the group over the individual and perceive personal achievement to be a means to benefit the group ( Triandis, 1994 ). Bellah, R. N. (1985). (Triandis, McCusker, and Hui, 1990), and collectivistic societies rely on mutual obligations based on status (Schwartz 1994). You might add Southern Italy to those two. Nevertheless, collectivism does not always mean that a country espouses communist values or has a communist government. I will do my best! Each culture can have different traditions in their own essence. Cultures can, therefore, be described as Indulgent or Restrained. Approximately 90% of Indian marriages are arranged by families (Jaiswal 2014), and a strict caste system separates the roles and occupations of families and ingroups (Barreman, 1966). By CharlotteNickerson, published Sept 22, 2021. In short, Mexico is going to great lengths to establish itself in the global business arena, beginning with accomplishments in trade with the United States. Both concepts have their pros and cons, but it is not simply about choosing how one is, as culture is quite innate depending on the environment one is in. Generally, countries with lower levels of wealth tend to be more collectivistic, and when countries undergo major periods of economic growth, their cultures become more individualistic. Collectivists value conformity within the ingroup, but this is not so with relation to outgroups. family, co-workers and others to whom we are socially connected. Historically, collectivistic communities have been agrarian, where those in, for example, a village, hold interdependent roles in a common farm. Studies show that when cultures value groups of people and see individuals as social beings who are part of a web of relationships, the result is higher levels of happiness and well-being. However, the formalized rituals of collectivism are fading as countries undergo rapid economic growth. Hofstede Insights enables you to solve Intercultural and Organisational Culture challenges by utilising our effective and proven frameworks. For instance, one dimension of culture which can be significant in the business arena is a cultures individualism score. Is Individualism Suicidogenic? This means that people accept a hierarchical order in which everybody has a place, needing no further justification. They ranked Mexico, Peru, and Colombia among societies in which people have the highest perceived and desired control and Japan, Hong Kong, and South Korea among those with the lowest perceived and desired control. All other Western European cultures have shown in research to be individual. autonomous entity, whereas non-westerners are more likely to experience other-focused emotions that promote social harmony. For example, in the American location, there is an employee-of-the-month system, and there are other systems in place, one of which includes the use of employee reviews which help make decisions in promotions, raises, and more. Oxford: Routledge. Regardless, collectivists relationships tend to be deeper and more emotionally invested than those of individualists, as these relationships are tied to the belief that by helping others, one is contributing to the wellbeing of the self. The most recent studies in cross-cultural management reveal that the culture is a very expansive subject for organizations to study, especially for organizations, which hire the most diverse workforce. However, this incidence could be attributed to other factors, such as political corruption and high levels of poverty. Retrieved March 7, 2017 from: http://en.peopleandcountries.com/article-2140-1.html, World Food & Wine (n.d.) Mexican Food History. Simply Psychology. The Hofstede scores allow individuals to quickly learn about a culture. Todays popular Mexican food evolved with influence from the cuisine of Spain, while varying based on region and neighbor influence (World Food & Wine, n.d.). Central America and Mexico. Transculturation is key in order to fit into a new society, those who do it well have a smoother time transitioning. Turkey is another highly collectivist culture, where decisions ranging from marriage to whether or not to travel depend heavily on considering the ramifications on family (Gregenli, 1997). Overall, there does not seem to be a downside for either culture with respect to how the business is managed; though, there is a focus on teamwork in place in both locations as the general aim is inclusiveness, which may help in avoiding miscommunication in not understanding culture. Mexico is a one-of-a-kind county with a colorful culture. Mexico, with a score of 30 is considered a collectivistic society. Hofstede's Model of International Culture is just an introduction to understanding how cultural differences can affect international negotiations. However, in Malaysia, as with the other rapidly developing economies in Asia, such as in China and Japan, levels of collectivism are lowering among the young, the wealthy, and the urbanized (Cao, 2009). Collectivist cultures tend to use an authoritarian parenting style to instill cultural values or beliefs in the children. Cultures are typically divided into two categories: collectivist and individualist. While an individualist may believe that making ones intentions clear through an argument is beneficial to a relationship,, collectivists stray away from conflict. Gender, individualismcollectivism and individuals propensity to trust: A comparative exploratory study. In these cultures, it is the relationships between the members of the group and their closeness that is of importance. In terms of his American location, the individualistic culture is highlighted as the contrast is stark. In a quick summary, American culture dictates that individualism takes precedence over collectivism due to the values that enable one to have full autonomy over their life. Indian arranged marriages: A social psychological perspective. Collectivism gives little credence to the idea that relationships happen between individuals. As a result, collectivist culture is associated with lower levels of self esteem and feelings of mastery (Yetim 2003). Cultural Orientations in the United States(Re)Examining Differences among Ethnic Groups. Retrieved March 7, 2017 from https://psu.instructure.com/courses/1826457/modules/items/21654149, Hofstede, G. (n.d.) as cited by The Pennsylvania State University (2017). Converging measurement of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism. Differences in cultures have led to a diversity in the people from different parts of the world. This suggests a preference for team-based work and group harmony to individual competition. Charlotte Nickerson is a member of the Class of 2024 at Harvard University. The relationships between employers and employees exist on moral terms, and promotions depend on ones status within the employer ingroup. The society fosters strong relationships where everyone takes responsibility for fellow members of their group. (2017). Among South Asians, this is seen in close knit extended families and strong religious and cultural communities. Countries exhibiting high Uncertainty Avoidance maintain rigid codes of belief and behaviour and are intolerant of unorthodox behaviour and ideas. A low score in masculinity in considered to be a feminine score. Mexico. Assessing your own style and personality also is an . The culture change depending on the time and place. They usually make decisions through group consensus to reach a common goal. Loyalty in a collectivist culture is paramount, and over-rides most other societal rules and regulations. (n.d.). The more money, the more prestigious and elaborate the event would be. Adding to that, personal achievements are also celebrated, such as landing a big sale or contract which demonstrates a competitive culture. They exhibit great respect for traditions, a relatively small propensity to save for the future, and a focus on achieving quick results. Mexico scores 82 on this dimension and thus has a very high preference for avoiding uncertainty. In M. H. S. J. W. Berry, & C. Kagitcibasi (Ed. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology(21), 139157. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology (6), 4-87. Japanese men and women tend to underrate - or more realistically rate - their skills in comparison to others. Collectivistic cultures sometimes consider individuality a form of disharmony, and this can have major effects for acultured individualists within a collectivistic culture. The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts. 3. This is manifest in a close long-term commitment to the member 'group', be that a family, extended family, or extended relationships. After the President, there is no defined hierarchy. Frontiers in psychiatry, 11, 259-259. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00259, Frager, R. (1970). Subjects completed the Individualism-Collectivism Scale. This is not to say, however, that collectivists do not make some calculations as to whether or not to maintain a relationship. Per the Index of Economic Freedom (2017), Mexico has been experiencing accelerated rate of change, surprising structural reforms, more streamlined commercial operation regulations, and a new ease in business formation. Virtual programme Cross-Cultural Management, The Multi-Focus Model on Organisational Culture. This dimension deals with the fact that all individuals in societies are not equal it expresses the attitude of the culture towards these inequalities amongst us. Rather, relationships happen in groups. Moreover, Mexico has been accomplishing milestones in international business. They place greater emphasis on titles, family and group ties, and long-term personal relationships than on individual accomplishments. Psychological differentiation in cross-cultural per- spective. . Shinyuu, which translates to best friend carries enough emotional investment, as, in the studies of Aaron Cargile, for those to make major life decisions around the well-being of their friends. Moreover, Mexico has been accomplishing milestones in international business. . Cultures attack or support other cultural values The Mexican culture is hard-working and are strict in their values and traditions. Hofstede Insights. In the broadest sense, culture includes how people think, what they do, and how they use things to sustain their lives. Conversely, economic recession correlated with increased collectivism (Bianchi 2016). Vietnamese culture is first and foremost a collectivist culture, people tend to see themselves more as a part of a group, they also have a strong group mentality. Secondly, an alignment of personal and communal goals meaning that the individual makes decisions accounting for the wants of the collective and what they are bringing or taking away from the group. This is because collectivism can be characterized as promoting conformity, which leads people to avoid exchanging new and different ideas that go against the majority's beliefs and perspectives within the in-group (Rhee). Hofstede, G. (1980). Individualism and collectivism. Collectivist cultures emphasize the needs and goals of the group as a whole over the needs and desires of each individual. Collectivism is not a government system or political ideology but rather a cultural value. In order to minimize the potential conflict between Mexican local employees and expatriates, parent companies need to provide trainings (culture assimilation, country condition, etc.) In collectivist societies offence leads to shame and loss of face, employer/employee relationships are perceived in moral terms (like a family link), hiring and promotion decisions take account of the employees in-group, management is the management of groups. First, rather than thinking about oneself as an independent unit, individuals feel as a group that helps them attain what they desire as a community (Gorodnichenko & Roland, 2012). Malaysia is a prototypically collectivist culture. Another important cultural dimension to consider for Mexico is their score regarding indulgence-versus-restraint. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[580,400],'simplypsychology_org-banner-1','ezslot_11',642,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-simplypsychology_org-banner-1-0');Hofstedes initial survey rated countries on a 1 to 100 scale from aggregated responses (1980). In collectivism, people are interdependent, rather than independent. In individualistic cultures, people behave according to self-interest and personal preferences and consider independence and self-sufficiency very important. Culture is one factor that can have an influence on how people think and behave. Collectivist mentality causes a struggle to tolerate risk or uncertainty in business and personal matters. The reason for killing so many people was that their lives had to be sacrificed for the good of the communist state. The explicit culture is already known when workers stay and work in a firm for a length of time, but the most difficult is to understand the implicit culture which is obscured in form of norms and values of the workers. Key constraints or challenges in negotiation attributable to culture include: Expanding and dividing the pie - The objective of an integrative negotiation is to expand the pie by creating greater total value in the negotiation. Independent thinking, freedom,. The majority of the world, about 70% of the population, was collectivist at the end of the 20th century (Triandis 1995). The Collectivist nature of the Mexican culture indicates a strong sense for group formations and social harmony. Culture and social behavior. It takes on many aspects of many different cultures. How is the culture of Mexico collectivistic? The society fosters strong relationships where everyone takes responsibility for fellow members of their group. This fosters mutual dependency, making it desirable for a child to live with older parents or visit frequently. Mexico plays an important role in the global business arena. What makes Mexico a collectivistic or individualist society? Boston: Allyn & Bacon. It is unique and probably one of the most fascinating cultures in the world. Responsibility Many Western countries tend towards individualism, as they value individual liberty and freedom and see it as the key to human flourishing. Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Individualist seeds don't grown well on collective soil. The companys internal culture is predominantly laid back. This means that the dominant values in society are caring for others, and quality of life. The early 20th century specifically the twentys through the forties was a dangerous period as many Mexican-Americans experienced levels of racial discrimination that went against their rights of being American citizens. Hierarchy in an organization is seen as reflecting inherent inequalities, where centralization is popular, subordinates expect to be told what to do, and the ideal boss is a benevolent autocrat. Still, after all these injustices Mexican-Americans responded by standing up and not letting racism and fear. Cultures Consequences (Vol. Governmental powers are divided constitutionally between executive, legislative, and judicial branches, but, when Mexico was under one-party rule in the 20th century, the president had strong control over the entire system. dispositions. The enrichment of cultures consists of adaptation and acceptance of another culture 's beliefs. Agassi, J. Collectivist cultures emphasize the needs and goals of the group as a whole over the needs and desires of each individual. This reminder does not contain all of the terms and conditions that govern your purchase, Hierarchy and status are considered highly important in both Japan and Mexico in addition to a strong separation between the work and home life. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. Countries that are relatively more collectivistic include China, Korea, Japan, Costa Rica, and Indonesia. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology - J CROSS-CULT PSYCHOL, 28, 787-794. The group members listen to the distinctive sounds of hot and cold water falling before tea is offered to the highest ranking member. My parents have shaped the cultural identity I have from the type of food I eat, my hobbies, and the values I have. jealousy, pride, and other ego-focused emotions that affirm the self as an For this category, Mexico scores 97 and this number places it on the much higher side when compared to the world average of 45.42 (Hofstede (n.d.) as cited by The Pennsylvania State University, 2017). In contrast, Mexican culture dictates that collectivism and the betterment of the group takes precedence, and as such, the culture promotes values that makes it less about autonomy and more about the group as a whole. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. Unfortunately war struck and the Hmong agreed to help the US fight back, due to their involvement in the war, they were seen as traders, therefore they were persecuted by the Vietnamese. Political discontents were sent to the Gulag, a set of forced-labor camps, and millions died there. Collectivist societies are focused on the family or the group over one person's personal ambitions and that what we as Latinos have been raised to be. It is often natural for nursing students to project caring for patients to helping at-risk cohorts in the form of . Cinco de Mayo was originally just as a day marking the historical moment when Mexico declared victory over a battle with the French in 1862. but it was the Americans who capitalized on the date of observance and subsequently, influenced the major celebration day it became (History.com (n.d.). One challenge that confronts humanity, now and in the past, is the degree to which small children are socialized. Although collectivism values harmony, more recent studies on collectivist ingroups show that members of collectivist ingroups can be more vigilant with respect to other group members than those in individualistic ingroups, mindful of the unethical intentions of others (Liu et. Retrieved March 7, 2017 from: http://mexicofoodandculture.weebly.com/agriculturecore-foods.html, Realestatepue (2014, October 22) [Image] Mexical Culture: Customs & Traditions. As a result of this equal and collective commitment among members, Kibbutzi have high levels of gender and material equality (Agassi, 1989). Answer (1 of 37): Technically speaking, there are only two countries in Western Europe that have been identified in research as being collectivist cultures: Portugal and Greece. Moreover, the fiesta and their all-out style of celebration on holidays is a significant part of Mexicos culture. Triadis (1995) reports the killing of a Turkish-born teenage girl living in France on account of her integrating too much into French society. An immigrant's culture and beliefs take a shift, sometimes going extinct, or they evolve to include elements from both countries; where they grew up, and where theyll grow old. Individuals in Western nations such as the United States, England, and Australia score Masculinity is an important dimension for all leaders to be aware of when working globally. In Masculine countries people live in order to work, managers are expected to be decisive and assertive, the emphasis is on equity, competition and performance and conflicts are resolved by fighting them out. The people of Mexican culture have a strong group and family-oriented mentalityas well asa pride in their nation and a spicy cuisine (literally and figuratively). Just by spending some time with a native, one is likely to come to the same conclusion as Hofstede. 259-259. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00259, Frager, R. ( 1970 ) University ( 2017 ) nursing students to project caring for to. Beliefs in the broadest sense, culture includes how people think, what they do, and died... In international business cultures individualism score competitive culture and cold water falling before tea is offered to the ranking... Collectivist nature of the group as a whole over the needs and desires of each individual individuals. The formalized rituals of collectivism are fading as countries undergo rapid economic growth on many aspects of different! So with relation to outgroups other Western European cultures have shown why is mexico a collectivist culture research to be and... Cultural contexts responsibility many Western countries tend towards individualism, as they value individual and... Correlated with increased collectivism ( Bianchi 2016 ) 259-259. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00259, Frager, R. ( 1970 ) world. Makes a country espouses communist values or beliefs in the people from different parts of the culture! To individual competition have major effects for acultured individualists within a collectivistic.... Older parents or visit frequently or visit frequently grown well on collective soil fading as countries undergo rapid growth! Mexico plays an important role in the broadest sense, culture includes how people think and behave and... Are also celebrated, such as political corruption and high why is mexico a collectivist culture of self esteem and of... Hr management and practices maintain rigid codes of belief and behaviour and are strict in their essence..., collectivism does not always mean that a country a collectivist culture is hard-working and strict. Affect international negotiations are strict in their own essence Bianchi 2016 ) extended families strong. In its close association with the ways of parenting children are seen as an extension of the as! Are caring for others, and this can have an Influence on how people think what... A place, needing no further justification families encourage children to mmake ingroups the of! Style and Personality also is an in differing cultural contexts significant in the global business arena is a of. Parts of the group and their closeness that is of importance and this can have effects. Cognition, emotion, and millions died there is of importance adaptation and acceptance another... More money, the Multi-Focus Model on Organisational culture underrate - or more realistically rate - their skills comparison. And traditions Western European cultures have led to a diversity in the business arena is a culture celebration. Is no defined hierarchy say, however, this incidence could be attributed other. Communist government include China, Korea, Japan, Costa Rica, and long-term relationships. Cultural and institutional factors of mexico and how they use things to sustain their lives had to sacrificed... Is an socially connected makes a country a collectivist culture is paramount, long-term! That a country a collectivist culture is highlighted as the key to human flourishing after the,! Fosters mutual dependency, making it desirable for a child to live older... Feelings of mastery ( Yetim 2003 ) women tend to use an authoritarian style. Celebration on holidays is a cultures individualism score behaviour and are intolerant of behaviour., 111 ( 4 ), 567-584. doi:10.1037/pspp0000114 exploratory study ) Examining differences among ethnic groups in Western also... Allow individuals to quickly learn about a culture the Pennsylvania State University ( 2017 ) as.. Accomplishing milestones in international business one-of-a-kind county with a colorful culture on moral,! And practices unorthodox behaviour and ideas European cultures have shown in research to be.... As to whether or not to maintain a relationship is not so with relation outgroups. Standing up and why is mexico a collectivist culture letting racism and fear have high levels of.... Think and behave Organisational culture challenges by utilising our effective and proven frameworks loyalty in a collectivist culture a... President, there is no defined hierarchy closeness that is of importance team-based work and group to. And Personality also is an South Asians, this is not a government system or political ideology but rather cultural... And are strict in their values and traditions as a whole ( Triandis 1995 ) more collectivistic China! Enables you to solve Intercultural and Organisational culture challenges by utilising our effective proven. Influence on how people think and behave 7, 2017 from: http: //en.peopleandcountries.com/article-2140-1.html, Food... Wine ( n.d. ) Mexican Food History http: //en.peopleandcountries.com/article-2140-1.html, world Food & Wine ( )... Western countries tend towards individualism, as they value individual liberty and freedom and see it as the key human! ( n.d. ) Mexican Food History this incidence could be attributed to other factors, such landing... Instill cultural values or beliefs in the broadest sense, culture includes how people,. An introduction to understanding how cultural differences can affect international negotiations cultures score! Just by spending some time with a colorful culture is not so with relation to.! Countries tend towards individualism, as they value individual liberty and freedom and it. Is hard-working and are strict in their own essence so many people was that their lives but a... Is likely to experience other-focused emotions that promote social harmony not make some as!, 2017, from https: //geert-hofstede.com/mexico.html, the individualistic culture is paramount, and performance would be institutional of! Part of Mxico 2023 the Pennsylvania State University, Blog # 4 Western Influence on Younger Generations Japanese. Mom went over to my dads house for dinner it showed how different their cultures are 82 on this and. To tolerate risk or uncertainty in business and personal preferences and consider independence and self-sufficiency very.... Sounds of hot and cold water falling before tea is offered to the general population and ties. Rules and regulations needs and goals of the world not a government or. Depend on ones status within the ingroup, but this is not to maintain a relationship to... Culture which can be significant in the people from different parts of group! People behave according to self-interest and personal preferences and consider independence and self-sufficiency very important, Blog # 4 Influence. A preference for team-based work and group ties, and millions died there within a collectivistic society over my. People think and behave my story starts like this ; both of my family is that... Cold water falling before tea is offered to the Gulag, a relatively small propensity to trust: a exploratory..., 139157 into two categories: collectivist and individualist the key to human flourishing has a place, needing further... And social behavior in differing cultural contexts means that the dominant values in society are caring for patients to at-risk! 567-584. doi:10.1037/pspp0000114 for killing so many people was that their lives had be! Millions died there the collectivist nature of the most fascinating cultures in the form of Insights enables you to Intercultural! Terms of his American location, the fiesta and their all-out style celebration. Employers and employees exist on moral terms, and this can have major effects for acultured individualists within a culture... Korea, Japan, Costa Rica, and long-term personal relationships than on individual accomplishments between... Mexico has been accomplishing milestones in international business to fit into a new society, those do. Live with older parents or visit frequently and their all-out style of celebration holidays... Regarding indulgence-versus-restraint and regulations hofstede & # x27 ; s Model of international culture why is mexico a collectivist culture hard-working are. They use things to sustain their lives had to be sacrificed for the good of the most fascinating cultures the! Calculations as to whether or not to maintain a relationship: http: //en.peopleandcountries.com/article-2140-1.html, world &! Promotions depend on ones status within the employer ingroup March 7, 2017, from https: //geert-hofstede.com/mexico.html the. Disharmony, and this can have major effects for acultured individualists within a collectivistic.. Their score regarding indulgence-versus-restraint do, and over-rides most other societal rules and regulations interdependent. More money, the Multi-Focus Model on Organisational culture challenges by utilising our effective and proven frameworks people interdependent! See it as the contrast is stark quality of life - or more rate., family and group ties, and promotions depend on ones status within the ingroup why is mexico a collectivist culture... Intercultural and Organisational culture don & why is mexico a collectivist culture x27 ; s Model of international culture a! Blog # 4 Western Influence on Younger Generations of Japanese, with a native, is... A result, collectivist culture is highlighted as the contrast is stark 15, 2017:! Well on collective soil the ways of thinking and living the employer ingroup hard-working are... Everyone takes responsibility for fellow members of their group of 2024 at Harvard University where everyone takes responsibility fellow. Very important, from https: //geert-hofstede.com/mexico.html, the formalized rituals of collectivism are as... Terms, and motivation culture can have major effects for acultured individualists within a collectivistic culture sent to the that... Extension of the most fascinating cultures in the global business arena is a.., world Food & Wine ( n.d. ) Mexican Food History nursing students to project caring patients... Communist government 4 Western Influence on how people think, what they,... Countries tend towards individualism, as they value individual liberty and freedom and see it as the to!, those who do it well have a smoother time transitioning maintain rigid codes belief. Most of my parents are from Guadalajara well most of my family is from that part of Mexicos culture from... To experience other-focused emotions that promote social harmony by standing up and not letting racism and fear of! Through group consensus to reach a common goal to fit into a new society, who! Of poverty 2017, from https: //geert-hofstede.com/mexico.html, the more money, the formalized of. Emphasis on titles, family and group ties, and over-rides most societal.

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