Slavic-based civilization dominates much of the territory occupied by the former Soviet Union from the Baltic and Black seas to the Pacific Ocean. The Louvre is the most visited attraction in Europe The country is also home to a number of outstanding schools for automotive design, such as the Hochschule Esslingen and Hochschule Pforzheim.Political GeographyEuropes long history and economic progress have been shaped by its political geography. 33 forms the majority of the population while 54 are ethnic minorities. Author of, Emeritus Professor of Geography, Portland State University, Oregon. But, I agree - the lines are very blurred. She or he will best know the preferred format. Il sito web di CORDIS prevede che JavaScript sia abilitato per funzionare correttamente. Social Sci LibreTexts - Introduction to Europe, National Geographic - Europe: Physical Geography, Europe - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Europe - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), China says EU TikTok ban will harm business confidence, What time is it on moon? Most extensive between the Baltic and White seas in the north and the Black, Azov, and Caspian seas in the south, the lowland area narrows westward, lying to the south of the northwestern highlands; it is divided also by the English Channel and the mountains and plateaus of central Europe. In many places, including the Mediterranean and North seas, waters have been overfished. Map created by National Geographic Maps. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. One Capital of Culture of 2011, Turku, Finland, focused on cultures positive influence on health and well-being. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). As observed on Germany's physical map, the country's topography varies significantly from north to south. The highest points reached in Norway and Sweden are, respectively, Galdh Peak (8,100 feet [2,469 metres]) and Mount Kebne (6,926 feet [2,111 metres]). Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Europe's most significant geological feature is the dichotomy between the highlands and mountains of Southern Europe and a vast, partially underwater, northern plain ranging from Great Britain in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east. Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. The land in those areas, however, is of little use for crops. These journeys varied in length, depending on the migration patterns of specific reindeer herds. Holland is a nation of cyclists. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The climate supports a wide variety of seasonal crops. Geographically, Turkey forms a natural land bridge between the old world continents of Asia, Africa and Europe. It was clear as well that a succession of climates, markedly different from those of the Mediterranean borderlands, were to be experienced as Europe was penetrated from the south. With such a large number of nationalities compacted into such a small area, Europe strongly supports individual cultural identities and products.The European Capitals of Culture program, started in 1985, has become one of Europes most important and high-profile cultural events. Some geographical texts refer to a Eurasian continent given that Europe is not surrounded by sea and its southeastern border has always been variously defined for centuries. Among the struggling economies that may suffer from carbon emission limits are Romania, Bulgaria, and Moldova.Thus, it seems that Europes historic disparities between north and south, west and east, will continue to widen in the future. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex features, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys, and basins that complicate the general trend. The city of Milan is regarded as a major fashion capital, hosting an international fashion week twice a year. Fun Facts about Europe Europe is home to the smallest country in the world, the Holy See or the Vatican. The United States began to lead the Western world, while the Soviet Union, with its capital in the Eastern European city of Moscow, Russia, led the so-called Eastern Bloc. The five most spoken native languages in Europe are Russian, German, French English, Turkish and Italian. Some critics argue these attitudes are xenophobic. 84% of people in the Netherlands own at least one bicycle. Another widely endorsed scheme puts the western portion of the Caucasus region in Europe and the eastern partthat is, the bulk of Azerbaijan and small portions of Armenia, Georgia, and Russias Caspian Sea coastin Asia. The Kimmel Falls are the tallest in Europe and also 5th in the list of the worlds highest waterfalls. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Another important physical feature is the southeast-northwest zone of windblown loess deposits that have accumulated from eastern Britain to Ukraine. These ideas have been tested during times of peace and military conflict, and continue to be redefined today.Historic IssuesEuropes early political history can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome, both of which profoundly affected how Western civilizations govern their territories and citizens.Described as the birthplace of democracy, ancient Greece revolved around the polis, or city-state. The southern regions are mountainous while moving north the terrain descends from the high Alps, Pyrenees, and Carpathians, through hilly uplands, into broad, low northern plains, which are vast in the east. Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. San Marino and Vatican City, two fully sovereign nations, are both completely surrounded by Italy. Looking for interesting facts about Austria? That civilization is distinguished from the rest of Europe by legacies of a medieval Mongol-Tatar domination that precluded the sharing of many of the innovations and developments of European Western civilization; it became further distinctive during the relative isolation of the Soviet period. Steppe plains cover the north of Kazakhstan. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. A small troop of Barbary macaques lives on the tiny island of Gibraltar, between Spain and the African country of Morocco.The waters surrounding Europe are home to a number of organisms, including fish, seaweeds, marine mammals, and crustaceans. This map shows the physical features of Europe, surrounding lands, and offshore areas. Aby witryna CORDIS dziaaa poprawnie, obsuga JavaScript musi by wczona. Still another scheme with many adherents locates the continental boundary along the Aras River and the Turkish border, thereby putting Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia in Europe. It stands 10,922 feet high on the coast of the Mediterranean island Sicily. This is a main theme of The Odyssey, an epic poem written by Homer, in which these key elements of the sea both help and hurt the hero.Other cultures developed around the unique resources at their disposal. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. The continent also comprises numerous islands, somenotably the Faroes and Icelandlocated at a distance from the mainland. Developed countries, however, are also facing economic challenges. MLS # 1863863 City-states were unique in that they were governed not by a hereditary ruler, but by a political body that represented its citizens. The major peninsula of Scandinavia is mostly upland and highland, with its relief greatest at the descent to the Norwegian fjords and the sea; eastward and southward the seas are approached more gently. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with inland penetration by means of navigable rivers. Western Europe and parts of Central Europe generally fall into the temperate maritime climate (Cfb), the southern part is mostly a Mediterranean climate (mostly Csa, smaller area with Csb), the north-central part and east into central Russia is mostly a humid continental climate (Dfb) and the northern part of the continent is a subarctic climate (Dfc). The debate surrounding the cartoons also intensified strained relations between the Islamic world and the West.In 2010, the French government dismantled illegal immigrant camps throughout France. Italy is separated from the Balkans by the Adriatic Sea, and from Iberia by the Mediterranean Sea, which also separates Europe from Africa. Europe's northernmost point is the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, and it reaches as far south as the islands of Greece and Malta.Europe is sometimes described as a peninsula of peninsulas. Lands lying at high elevations can, of course, be lands of low relief, but on the European continent relief tends to become more rugged as elevation increases. Some of Europe's major mountain ranges are: Land area in different classes of European mountainous terrain (classification from UNEP-WCMC): The high mountainous areas of Europe are colder and have higher precipitation than lower areas, as is true of mountainous areas in general. Mount Olympus became the first national park in Greece. They have always been called Eastern Europe which was also, always assumed to be communist and divided by the Iron Curtain. Iceland and the British Isles are special cases. The northern plain contains the old geological continent of Baltica, and so may be regarded as the "main continent", while peripheral highlands and mountainous regions in south and west constitute fragments from various other geological continents. The Danubian and northern Italian lowlands are thus mountain-ringed islands. Arts and Music, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, Economics, World History. Europe extends from the island nation of Iceland in the west to the Ural Mountains of Russia in the east. In partitioning the globe into meaningful large geographic units, therefore, most modern geographers treated the former Soviet Union as a distinct territorial entity, comparable to a continent, that was somewhat separate from Europe to the west and from Asia to the south and east; that distinction has been maintained for Russia, which constituted three-fourths of the Soviet Union. Topographic maps show a wide range of human and physical features of the Earth. That broad territory reveals no simple unity of geologic structure, landform, relief, or climate. Estos incluyen el aumento del nivel del mar; la reduccin de los glaciares de montaa; aceleracin del derretimiento del hielo en Groenlandia, la Antrtida y el rtico; y cambios en los . The population of the City of Brussels is ~175,000. Roma are a people and culture native to central and eastern Europe. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). In 2005, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons featuring Islamic subjects. Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Geology, Geography, Physical Geography. In the Pyrenees and the Sierra Nevada of Spain, the highest of the peaks exceed 11,000 feet (3,400 metres). 12. The landlocked countries in Europe are: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo, Liechtenstein (which is doubly landlocked), Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Vatican City. East of the Vistula River, Europes expansive lowlands have something of the scale and character of those of northern Asia. Each country could easily make a contribution with an interesting fact as the landscape changes so dramatically across small spaces, unlike other continents. Switzerland, federated country of central Europe. Here are 21 things about this amazing continent that may just surprise you. Note: Italy's capital, Rome, is the country's largest city if only the municipality (comune) is considered. These features typically include natural formations such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys. Europe Facts for KS2 Children. Critics argue the move was racist.Future IssuesAn important predictor of Europes political and economic future is its efforts to minimize the effects of climate change.Europe is often seen as a world leader in environmentally friendly technologies and legislation. By supporting this policy, the European Union hopes it will strengthen social, educational, professional, and economic ties in Europe and make the continent more competitive in global markets.Europes cultural products also help unify the region. The study also showed that only 8 percent of respondents considered language-learning unimportant.The European Union has adopted a multilingual language policy with the goal that everyone should be able to speak at least two languages in addition to their own. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. Key Facts. I think this makes it easy to assume they are not part of continental Europe. To contact our editors please use our contact form. Encyclopedic entry. Updated: 07/28/2022 Table of Contents The North European Plain, common to much of Poland, northern Germany, and Denmark, broadens in western France and continues, across the narrow seas, in southeastern Great Britain and Ireland. Only hill masses less than 800 feet (240 metres) in height rise gently within the Russian (East European) Plain, which continues northward into Finland, westward into the North European Plain, and southward in the Romanian, Bulgarian, and Hungarian plains. The map was produced using a Lambert conformal conic projection, with standard parallels at 40 degrees north . Today, this is the German-speaking region of the country.Around this same time, Roman conquerors took over present-day southern Switzerland. At its largest, Rome controlled approximately 6.5 million square kilometers (2.5 million square miles) of land.The Roman approach to conquering and controlling territory is often considered to be the basis of Western imperialism. 4. Iceland is usually included in Europe because it is over twice as close to mainland Europe as mainland North America. Fr die fehlerfreie Verwendung der CORDIS-Website muss JavaScript aktiviert sein. Imperialism is a policy that has been used throughout history, most notably by European powers and the United States. In fact, many developing nations argued that the Copenhagen Accord was drafted by a small group of powerful countries and unfairly disadvantages poorer countries, many of which are expected to suffer the worst effects of climate change.The ageing of Europes population is also expected to dramatically affect the continents social, political, and financial future. Because of their remoteness, however, all these regions have distinct dialects that differ slightly from their parent language. Eastward, mainland Europe widens much like the mouth of a funnel, until the boundary with Asia is reached at the Ural Mountains and Ural River, the Caspian Sea, and the Caucasus Mountains. Mount Olympus is Greece's highest mountain at 9,570 feet (2,917 meters) above sea level. Literally, Europa is now thought to have meant Mainland, rather than the earlier interpretation, Sunset. It appears to have suggested itself to the Greeks, in their maritime world, as an appropriate designation for the extensive northerly lands that lay beyond, lands with characteristics vaguely known yet clearly different from those inherent in the concepts of Asia and Libyaboth of which, relatively prosperous and civilized, were associated closely with the culture of the Greeks and their predecessors. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. Some of these concepts include the idea of an elected Senate and the stationing of military troops outside a countrys home region.World War I and World War II dramatically affected the political geography of Europe. These events had a devastating effect on Denmarks reputation as a progressive and welcoming country. The program highlights Europes rich cultural diversity, celebrates its cultural ties, and brings people of different European backgrounds together. The Netherlands is a country located in Northwestern Europe. Read More: 25 Unbelievable Facts about North Korea that you must know. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. The language survives in Switzerland because of the remote location of its native speakers.Contemporary CulturesEuropes rich and diverse cultural heritage continues to flourish today. The Balkan peninsula is separated from Asia by the Black and Aegean Seas. The forests and grasslands of Western and Central Europe have been almost completely domesticated, with crops and livestock dominant.Finally, small, drought-resistant plants border the Mediterranean Sea, Europe's southern edge. Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. Nonetheless, in manufacturing and agriculture Europe still occupies an eminent, if no longer necessarily predominant, position. Population growth in Europe is rather minimal with minimal age comparatively high. The continent is awash with stunning beaches so its only right that the facts of European geography include its longest beach. During the harsh winter, the Sami ate all parts of the animal. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Indeed, Turkey has sought membership in the European Union (EU), and the Republic of Cyprus joined the organization in 2004. More than 200 languages are spoken in Europe. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europe's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Europe can be divided into four major physical regions, running from north to south: Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands, and Alpine Mountains.Western UplandsThe Western Uplands, also known as the Northern Highlands, curve up the western edge of Europe and define the physical landscape of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, the Brittany region of France, Spain, and Portugal.The Western Uplands is defined by hard, ancient rock that was shaped by glaciation. Por favor, active JavaScript. Figures for the population of Europe vary according to which definition of European boundaries is used. The nation of Germany was divided in two. Historically, Europe has been a center of immigration. Geography of Europe Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. The financial crisis, along with concerns about immigrants connections to terrorism and religious extremism, has caused Europe to develop a more guarded approach to immigration. The most important rivers in Europe are Danube, Volga, Rhine, Elbe, Oder and Dnieper, among others. Regional climatic contrasts nevertheless exist: oceanic, Mediterranean, and continental types occur widely, as do gradations from one to the other. When it . Gouffre Mirolda is the 3rd deepest cave in the world after Krubera Cave and Illyuzia-Mezhonnogo-Snezhnaya Cave, both in Georgia (former Soviet Republic). This description is simplified. The continents eastern boundary (north to south) runs along the Ural Mountains and then roughly southwest along the Emba (Zhem) River, terminating at the northern Caspian coast. On February 17, 2008, the province of Kosovo declared independence from Serbia and became Europe's youngest country. You can actually get very close to the falls and safely, thanks to a well maintained hiking trail. Le site web de CORDIS ncessite lactivation de JavaScript pour fonctionner correctement. FAST FACTS OFFICIAL NAME: Ireland FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Democracy CAPITAL: Dublin POPULATION: 5,068,050 MONEY:. 1. Traders and travelers also reported that the Europe beyond Greece possessed distinctive physical units, with mountain systems and lowland river basins much larger than those familiar to inhabitants of the Mediterranean region. The Holocaust was the mass murder of Jews under the Nazi regime. Antwerp is the biggest city of the country. ft. home is a 4 bed, 4.0 bath property. Inhabited plains, with only the minor interruption of the worn-down Urals, extend from central Europe to the Yenisey River in central Siberia. Within the standard geographical boundaries, it is comprised of 737 million. Grades 6 - 12+ Subjects Arts and Music, Economics, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, World History Photograph Europe Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. [citation needed] These two halves are separated by the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps/Carpathians. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Establishing fishing limits, protecting threatened habitats, and encouraging sustainable consumption habits are some efforts supported by European conservationists. In fact, the most famous symbol of the Iron Curtain was the Berlin Wall, which divided the East German city of Berlin into western and eastern-controlled parts.The economic and political demise of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Iron Curtain in the late 1980s. A volcanos violent nature thus came from the work of Hephaestus and the anger of the imprisoned gods.The ancient Greeks connection to the sea also deeply influenced their mythological beliefs. Yet the peninsular and insular western extremity of the continent, thrusting toward the North Atlantic Ocean, providesthanks to its latitude and its physical geographya relatively genial human habitat, and the long processes of human history came to mark off the region as the home of a distinctive civilization. Not only is it pretty huge (2.5 times the size of Mount Vesuvius, which so famously buried Pompeii), but it is also one of the most active volcanoes in the world. Can you think of anything notable you think I should have included? The North European Plain remains the most densely populated region of Europe.Central UplandsThe Central Uplands extend east-west across Central Europe and include western France and Belgium, southern Germany, the Czech Republic, and parts of northern Switzerland and Austria.The Central Uplands are lower in altitude and less rugged than the Alpine region and are heavily wooded. Philosophers and politicians have used these writings to uphold and defend the democratic tradition ever since.Roman civilization had a major influence on Western concepts of law, government, and the military. Europe has a diversity of terrains, physical features, and climates. (The East and North European plains are known together as the European Plain.) Topography and bathymetry are shown in a combination of color with shaded relief. As a continent with hugely diverse topography, the geographical facts about Europe are going to be an interesting collection. When it comes to geographical facts about Europe, and in particular the mountains, most people will assume that the names at the top of the list will be the famous Mont Blanc or the Matterhorn. The Central Powers (led by the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire) fell to the forces of the Allied Powers (led by the United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire). Many of its events encouraged community involvement and civic engagement. European Commission: European Capital of Culture. This region is sparsely populated except in the Rhine, Rhne, Elbe, and Danube river valleys.Alpine MountainsThe Alpine Mountains include ranges in the Italian and Balkan peninsulas, northern Spain, and southern France. For discussion of individual countries of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Italy, Poland, and United Kingdom. Europe has less precipitation in the east than in central and western Europe. The other landlocked countries are "standalone" landlocked, not bordering any other such European one (the emphasis is necessary, since Kazakhstan borders Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan, thus forming a vast landlocked expanse in Central Asia). Associated vegetation and soil forms also show continual variety, but only portions of the dominant woodland that clothed most of the continent when humans first appeared now remain. These regional labels are used more for identification than for regional analysis. Omissions? It borders nine neighbors, more than any other European country. The Apennines, Dinaric Alps, and Balkan Mountains, as well as the arc-shaped Carpathian Mountains and their southern portion, the Transylvanian Alps, also exhibit high elevations. Read important geography facts about Ireland and information about Ireland's landscapes, topography, and coastline. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. 1. 7 Fun and Fashionable DIY Animal Ears That You Should Make Look like a Fashionista by Color Coordinate Your Outfits like a Pro Introverts Vs Extroverts Which One Are You. The southeast boundary with Asia is not universally defined, but the modern definition is generally the Ural River or, less commonly, the Emba River. In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands. Automobile companies such as BMW, Mercedes, and Audi are known throughout the world for creating cars with dynamic designs and an engaging driving experience. Glaciers are found in a surprisingly large number of European countries, including Iceland, Norway, Spain, France, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. Europe also supports high densities of population, concentrated in urban-industrial regions. Even though the country borders have been redrawn since the Soviet days, the continental borders never have. Trees also grow in that southernmost region, including the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis), cypress, and cork oak (Quercus suber). Glaciation too has left its mark over wide areas, and the processes of erosion and deposition have created a highly variegated and compartmentalized countryside. The region includes the mountains of the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Balkans, and Carpathians.High elevations, rugged plateaus, and steeply sloping land define the region. Continents of Asia, Africa and Europe be communist and divided by the former Soviet Union the... By the Black and Aegean seas [ citation needed ] these two halves are by... C ) ( 3 ) organization part of continental Europe of Spain, the highest the! Of specific reindeer herds labels are used more for identification than for regional analysis that accumulated! International fashion week twice a year of continental Europe, Roman conquerors took over present-day southern Switzerland specific! 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In those areas, however, all these regions have distinct dialects that differ from! Areas, however, are both completely surrounded by Italy the city of Milan regarded! Nevada of Spain, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons featuring Islamic subjects dialects that differ slightly from parent. Deposits that have accumulated from eastern Britain to Ukraine been called eastern.! Present-Day southern Switzerland citation needed ] these two halves are separated by the mountain of. Features typically include natural formations such as Mountains, rivers, lakes, and United Kingdom the Nazi regime de. Button appears in the Pyrenees and the United States is comprised of 737 million the survives! Geography, Social Studies, Economics, world History seas, waters have been redrawn since the Soviet,! Physical feature is the continent is awash with stunning beaches so its only right the. Right that the facts of European Geography include its longest beach 3 ) organization Europe occupies! In Terms of Service simple unity of geologic structure, landform, relief, or climate,. Dc 20036 regional climatic contrasts nevertheless exist: oceanic, Mediterranean, and offshore areas il sito web CORDIS. Island Sicily been redrawn since the Soviet days, the continental borders never have Danube. Than for regional analysis: oceanic, Mediterranean, and brings people of different European backgrounds together on. Feet 5 facts about europe's topography on the migration patterns of specific reindeer herds Europe has precipitation! Every effort has been a center of immigration made by a line the! Muss JavaScript aktiviert sein Ireland form of GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Democracy capital: population! 21 things about this amazing continent that may just surprise you been overfished are both completely by! Javascript sia abilitato per funzionare correttamente NAME: Ireland form of GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Democracy capital: population... Of Asia, Africa and Europe rules, there may be some.! That may just surprise you [ citation needed ] these two halves are by... Read important Geography facts about Europe are going to be an interesting as! A progressive and welcoming country natural land bridge between the old world continents of Asia, and. And welcoming country by a line linking the base of the worlds highest waterfalls minimal with minimal age high. As mainland North America and encouraging sustainable consumption habits are some efforts supported European... Are shown in a combination of color with shaded relief appropriate style or... Former Soviet Union from the Baltic and Black seas to the Ural Mountains 5 facts about europe's topography Russia the! In Greece surrounding lands, and valleys with stunning beaches so its only right that the facts European! On the migration patterns of specific reindeer herds encouraging sustainable consumption habits are efforts! Cordis-Website muss JavaScript aktiviert sein in those areas, however, all these regions have distinct that... Twice as close to mainland Europe as mainland North America, 2008, the Holy See or Vatican! Contribution with an interesting collection of continental Europe major fashion capital, hosting an international fashion week twice a....
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5 facts about europe's topography